Costal Features Along Maracas Bay

Tides often determine the range over which sediment is deposited or eroded. Areas with high tidal ranges allow waves to reach farther up the shore, and areas with lower tidal ranges produce deprossosition at a smaller elevation interval. The tidal range is influenced by the size and shape of the coastline. Tides do not typically cause erosion by themselves; however, tidal bores can erode as the waves surge up river estuaries from the ocean. [3] Waves erode coastline as they break on shore releasing their energy; the larger the wave the more energy it releases and the more sediment it moves.Coastlines with longer shores have more room for the waves to disperse their energy, while coasts with cliffs and short shore faces give little room for the wave energy to be dispersed. In these areas the wave energy breaking against the cliffs is higher, and air and water are compressed into cracks in the rock, forcing the rock apart, breaking it down. Sediment deposited by waves comes from eroded cliff faces and is moved along the coastline by the waves. This forms an abrasion or cliffed coast. Sediment deposited by rivers is the dominant influence on the amount of sediment located on a coastline. 4] Today riverine deposition at the coast is often blocked by dams and other human regulatory devices, which remove the sediment from the stream by causing it to be deposited inland. Like the ocean which shapes them, coasts are a dynamic environment with constant change. The Earth's natural processes, particularly sea level rises, waves and various weather phenomena, have resulted in the erosion, accretion and reshaping of coasts as well as flooding and creation of continental shelves and drowned river valleys

Resurgence of Conservatism

DBQ 15: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1964-2005 Liberals had dominated American society for most of the 1900s. The 1960s was widely known for being the age of counterculture, social reforms, and liberals. The era witnessed many advancements like racial equality such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a strong advancement in political liberalism, and a significant increase in the power and influence of government-funded social programs as a result of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society reforms.Beginning with the election of Nixon, however, followed a gradual return to conservatism whether religiously, politically, or economically. The resurgence of conservatism in American politics and government in the years 1964-2005, was caused in reaction to 1960s liberal political, economic, and social policies as well as the rise of religious political groups and the controversy over the Vietnam War. The government's political and economic policies contributed to the rise of conservatism. Most no table of the federal reforms were initiated by liberal Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson and his Great Society schemes.His â€Å"War on Poverty† speech, delivered on March 16, 1964, called for a war on poverty to give people a second chance by spending millions on education, job training, housing, and healthcare. Johnson's intention was in some ways a conservative one. He wanted to give people a hand-up, not a hand-out and make them dependent on the money earned from taxing the more fortunate (Document A). Reflecting the liberal mood of the 1960s, voters flocked to the polls to vote for Johnson because in part by their faith in Great Society programs. Johnson received 61. 1% of the popular vote and 90. % of the electoral college vote and captured all but six southern states, traditionally Democratic â€Å"solid south†, who were alienated by Johnson's advocasy for civil rights (Document B). The higher taxes involved in the Great Society programs, however, were resented by cons ervatives, who saw the social programs as a sign of the increasing government influence. Richard Nixon promised a policy of New Federalism, transfering some of the powers previously held by the federal government to the states, to counter the Great Society programs. He also apppointed four conservative justices to the Supreme Court including Chief Justice Warren Burger.Nixon and other conservatives denounced the previous court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, whose decisions drastically changed sexual freedom, the rights of criminals, and the role of religion in schools. At the representation of two Supreme Court justice nominees in 1971, Nixon stated that it is the duty of the judge to base his decisions on strict interpretation of the Constitution and not on his personal political or social views, indirectly referring to the liberal Supreme Court of Earl Warren. (Document E). By winning the presidential election of 1980, Ronald Reagan confirmed the return of modern conservatism.He received 50. 8% of the popular vote and 90. 9% of the electoral college votes (Document G). Reagan applied supply-side economics, dubbed â€Å"Reaganomics†, keeping the budget under control and reducing taxes, ultimately stimulating the economy and reducing the federal deficit. He distanced politics from the interventionist government of the 1960s, appealing to conservatives' belief of small government. Between 1981 and 1982, the economy suffered the deepest recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s, unemployment reached 11%, and several bank closings occurred.Democrats attacked Reagan's tax and spending cuts, claiming that it favored the rich and hurt the poor. However, it was actually the â€Å"tight money† policies to bring inflation under control under President Carter that caused the recession. In 1983 the recession ended, which seemed to vindicate Reaganomics. Robert Samuelson stated in â€Å"The Enigma† that Reagan's â€Å"presidency was very su ccessful† (Document H). Built-up inflation from the Carter years was gone, the economy was in its second-longest expansion since World War II, and Reagan dealt efficiently with the Soviets.His social agenda of challenging abortion and advocating school prayer was only pirsued half-heartedly. Since the nation under Reagan was going so well, it's no surprise that many Americans turned from liberalism and began to embrace conservatism, and that his effectiveness was even able to convince some conservative southern Democrats to abandon their own party and follow the president. Consequently, the failures of the policies of liberal presidents like Carter and the success of conservatives like Reagan lead to the resurgence of conservatism.The rise of religion in American politics also contributed to the growth of conservatism. The most prominent was a coalition of conservative, evangelical Christians known as the religious right. The Moral Majority, founded by Reverend Jerry Farwell, emerged to combat what they saw as an irreligious and corrupt society. They focused more on the social aspects of government than the economic concerns. They preached successfully against abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay rights and had registered between 2 and 3 million voters.By using multiple media devices like the radio and TV, televangelists were able to reach huge audiences and collect millions of dollars to support political conservative candidates. Ralph Reed stated in his book, Active Faith: How Christians Are Changing the Soul of American Politics, that the Republican's conservative and pro-life position is an important element of the party that garnered the support of millions of pro-life individuals and families in elections, and that they should not abandon their views (Document I).In 1964, representation in the House of Representatives in southern states was mostly dominated by Democrats. However, by the year 2000, the seats occupied became increasingly Republi can (Document J). Most Americans lived in the Bible Belt South and West, where religious Fundamentalism and suspicions of the federal government due to scandals like the Watergate scandal, thrived and so more Republicans than Democrats were elected into their respected offices because they appealed to the Southern citizens with their conservatism.Thus, the rise of religious and moral awareness in politics prompted many Americans to become increasingly conservative and contribute to its resurgence. Another cause for the resurgence of conservatism was the controversy over the Vietnam War. During Johnson's presidency, the war had become the longest and most unpopular war in the nation. He helped escalate the war by authorities granted to him under the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, after which he promptly sent thousands of American troops into combat. As the war wore on, many Americans became weary of it.While Johnson dreamed of a â€Å"Great Society†, his presidency was haunted by the Vietnam War (Document D). Much of the funding he hoped would expand his social reform went towards financing the war. After Nixon's Vietnamization of the war, only 30,000 American troops remained in Vietnam. The powerful federal government of Lyndon B. Johnson as depicted by the controversial Vietnam War, lead many Americans to turn their support towards conservative Republicans who championed small government and contribute to the return of conservatism onAmerican politics and government. The resurgence of conservatism in American politics and government was chiefly a reflection of the liberal 1960s and 1970s. The Moral Majority arose to denounce the irreligious movements such as the sexual and feminist movements that advocated abortion and homosexuality. The government's political and economic policies further herded Americans into conservatives' arms as the government's influence increased and Reagan's conservatist presidency proved effective.

A corporation headed by five members Essay

Fahrenheit Technologies is a corporation headed by five members, all of whom are shareholders and primary members of the Board of Directors. Established in 2012, these five members who have developed a bond in their college years, decided to combine their diverse set of skills and go into business together. Thus, Fahrenheit Technologies was born. We decided upon that name because our carrier product is the â€Å"Thermo-Mug† – a travel mug/tumbler that can keep your hot beverage warm for much longer than a regular tumbler thanks to its re-heating feature. We also have plans for other innovative heating appliances in the future, which is why we felt that our company name â€Å"Fahrenheit† was appropriate. Key Business Operations: We will provide our customers with products positioned as innovative, functional in purpose, distinctive in quality and design and not widely available from other retailers. We aim to produce the highest quality products to our market as efficiently as possible. The company shall operate in the Ortigas business district but can also offer transactions outside the metro. Fahrenheit Technologies will be headquartered in 778 B, Mahogany Street, Octagon Village, Barangay Dela Paz, Pasig City. Aside from our headquarters being an industrially conducive environment, it is also close to our operational area. Along with catering to other businesses from our headquarters, we also have plans to expand Fahrenheit Technologies by having small, physical stores in places such as malls and plazas in order to be able to offer our products to a wider audience. Our labor force includes employees and workers under their respective departments, supervised by 4 Directors as department heads. In Finance, we plan to employ 1 certified public accountant. In Marketing/Sales, we will be assisted by 1 other employee while in Human Resource/Administration, 2 more employees will be hired. The concentration of our employees (10) is situated in our Operations/Quality Control department. (19total) Type of Business: Fahrenheit Technologies is a corporation that primarily caters to other businesses. The members of this corporation are headed by the aforementioned five major shareholders and 17 employees in totality. As a corporation catering to other businesses, we can eliminate the middle man and overcome mediating expenses, which in turn reduces overall cost. Also, with today’s technological advancements, it is getting easier and cheaper to conduct business with platforms such as E-commerce. With the B2B marketing strategy, we lower the cost for both selling and marketing, which in turn, maximizes our capital. Also called B to B or B2B – these are a type of commerce transaction that exists between businesses, such as those involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer. Business to business refers to business that is conducted between companies, rather than between a company and individual consumers. This is in contrast to business to consumer (B2C) and business to government (B2G). A typical supply chain involves multiple business to business transactions, as companies purchase components and other raw materials for use in its manufacturing processes. The finished product can then be sold to individuals via business to consumer transactions. An example that illustrates the business to business concept is automobile manufacturing. Many of a vehicle’s components are manufactured independently and the auto manufacturer must purchase these parts separately. For instance, the tires, batteries, electronics, hoses and door locks may be manufactured elsewhere and sold directly to the automobile manufacturer. In the context of communication, business to business refers to methods by which employees from different companies can connect with one another, such as through social media. This type of communication between the employees of two or more companies is called B2B communication. Organizational Chart Fahrenheit Technologies uses horizontal organizational chart. A business that is structured as a flat or horizontal organization is where power is shared more broadly and tends to allow staff more control over business matters according to their expertise, and often supportive of considerable collaboration between employees. It is, in essence, a decentralized power structure among the 4 main department heads and the president. Job Descriptions: The president of the business will be Victor Ros, whose responsibilities include creating, communicating, and implementing the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction, leading, guiding, directing, and evaluating the work of other executive leaders including directors, formulating and implementing the strategic plan that guides the direction of the business, forming, staffing, guiding, leading, and managing the organization sufficiently in order to accomplish the strategic plans of the business. He also oversees that the budgets and resources are properly allocated and ensures the complete operation of Fahrenheit Technologies in accordance with the direction established by the board. Lastly, he is the one who is held responsible for overall accountability to shareholders and the general public. Operations director will be Harold Bautista whose duties include assuring that our products meet the highest safety and quality standards. He understands the goals of the organization and develops a clear vision of exactly how operations will help achieve them. This also involves translating these goals into implications for the operation’s performance, objectives, quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. He oversees the daily operations in assembly and is in charge of inspections of products and parts purchased from our suppliers, as well as keeping records of supplier performance. He also plans and directs activities concerned with development, application, and maintenance of quality standards for industrial processes, materials, and products. The Finance Director is Gerone Santos who is responsible for providing the flow of financial information to the president, the board and, where necessary, external parties such as investors or financial institutions. His main responsibilities include overall control of the corporation’s accounting functions, transactions and accountancy matters, including audit systems. He also is in charge of formulating financial targets and budgets, manages company policies regarding capital requirements, debt, taxation, equity and acquisitions, as appropriate. Also, aside from preparing annual accounts, he is also responsible for ensuring that the regulatory requirements of all statutory bodies are met regarding all the corporation’s financial affairs. Job Descriptions: Human Resource Director will be Kevin Dela Torre whose main responsibilities include ensuring the smooth and profitable operation of the company’s human resources department. He supervises and provides consultation to management on strategic staffing plans, compensation, benefits, training and development, budget, and labor relations. He is also expected to take a leadership role in developing a culture that enables employees to perform in accordance to a firm’s objectives. Furthermore, he is also in charge of the effective planning, designing, developing and evaluating human resource-related initiatives that support organizational strategic goals. In addition, he also leads performance management, talent assessment and effective labor relationships, including negotiating and administering labor agreements. Our HR director will also supervise staff and report to the president on issues regarding implementation of policies and procedures, safety of the workforce, recruiting and hiring high-performing employees, and labor, legislative and other human resources issues. The Marketing Director is Francisco Andres whose responsibilities are boosting the sales of the company’s services and products by establishing brand recognition, optimization of the corporation’s market share using research on the competition comes and making sure that Fahrenheit Technologies is one step ahead in innovation and marketing. He is also in charge with annual marketing plans and supervising these plans so that they come to fruition. In addition, he also helps promote a positive image of the corporation not only to the consumers but within the company itself, he increases or maintains positive levels of customer satisfaction by providing impeccable customer support thru customer relationship management (CRM). He is also responsible for reviewing existing plans and strategies to make sure that we remain competitive and at par, even more, with your competitors. Finally, he reports the progress of any marketing strategy or plan that is ongoing and makes sure that all these plans and strategies are in line with the Fahrenheit Technology’s goals. Business Permits and Application 1. Verify and reserve the company name with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that will take 1 day and PHP40 2. Deposit paid-up capital in the Authorized Agent Bank (AAB) and obtain bank certificate of deposit 1 day no charge 3. Notarize articles of incorporation and treasurer’s affidavit at the notary 1 day PHP500 4. Register the company with the SEC and receive pre-registered Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) The SEC Head Office issues pre-registered TINs only if the company’s application for registration has been approved. The company must still register with the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) in order to identify applicable tax types, pay an annual registration fee, obtain and stamp sales invoices, receipts and the books of accounts. 3 days (PHP 1,926.44 filing fee equivalent to 1/5 of 1% of the authorized capital stock or the subscription price of the subscribed capital stock, whichever is higher but not less than PHP 1,000 + PHP 19.26 legal research fee (LRF) equivalent to 1% of filing fee but not less than PHP 10 + PHP 500 By-laws + PHP 150 for registration of stock and transfer book (STB) required for new corporations + PHP 320 STB + PHP 10 legal research fee for the By-laws) 5. Obtain barangay clearance 1 day PHP 500 6. Pay the annual community tax and obtain the community tax certificate (CTC) from the City Treasurer’s Office (CTO) 1 day PHP 400 Business Permits and Application The company is assessed a basic and an additional community tax. The basic community tax rate depends on whether the company legal form is a corporation, partnership, or association (PHP 500 or lower). The additional community tax (not to exceed Php 10,000.00) depends on the assessed value of real property the company owns in the Philippines at the rate of Php 2.00 for every Php 5,000.00 and on its gross receipts, including dividends or earnings, derived from business activities in the Philippines during the preceding year, at the rate of Php 2.00 for every Php 5,000.00. 1 day PHP 500 7. Obtain the business permit to operate from the BPLO The fees vary depending on the LGU issuing the permit. The rate of license fee imposed in Quezon City is 25% of 1% of the authorized capital stock. Other permits, such as locational clearance, fire safety and inspection certificate, sanitary permit, certificate of electrical inspection, mechanical permit, and other clearances or certificates required depending on the nature of business, are also imposable. The rate of these fees depends on the nature of business and land area occupied by the proposed corporation. The barangay clearance is a prerequisite for the issuance of business permit to operate. 6 days (PHP 2,408.05 business tax (25% of 1% of paid-up capital) + PHP 200 mayor’s permit + PHP 150 sanitary inspection fee + PHP 50 signboard fee + PHP 300 business plate + PHP 100 QCBRB + PHP 545 zoning clearance + PHP 1,300 garbage fee+ PHP 300 FSIC (10% of all regulatory fees)) 8. Buy special books of account at bookstore Special books of accounts are required for registering with the BIR. The books of accounts are sold at bookstores nationwide. One set of journals consisting of four books (cash receipts account, disbursements account, ledger, general journal) costs about PHP 400. Business Permits and Application 9. Apply for Certificate of Registration (COR) and TIN at the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) The requirements for application for COR with the BIR are: a. Duly accomplished and filled-out BIR Form No. 1903 (Application for Registration for Corporations); b. Payment Form (BIR Form No. 0605); c. SEC Certification of Incorporation; d. Articles of Incorporation and By-laws; e. Contract of Lease (with BIR Form No. 2000 and supporting BIR Payment Form as proof of payment of documentary stamp tax on the lease agreement); f. Documentary Stamp Tax Return (BIR Form No. 2000) on the original issuance of shares and Payment Form (for the DST payment); and g. Mayor’s Permit/Business Permit Application (duly stamped received by the Business Licensing Division of the local government of Pasig City). 2 days PHP 100 (certification fee) and PHP 15 (documentary stamp tax, in loose form to be attached to Form 2303) 10. Pay the registration fee and documentary stamp taxes (DST) at the AAB The rate of documentary stamp tax on original issuance of shares of stock shall be Php 1.00 for every Php 200.00 or fractional part thereof, of the par value, of such shares of stock. The documentary stamp tax return shall be filed and the tax paid on or before the fifth (5th) day after the close of the month of approval of SEC registration. 1 day (PHP 500 registration fee + PHP 4,169.97 DST on original issuance of shares of stock. DST on the lease contract is not included in the computation of the cost) 11. Obtain the authority to print receipts and invoices from the BIR Business Permits and Application a. Duly completed application for authority to print receipts and invoices (BIR Form No. 1906); b. Job order; c. Final and clear sample of receipts and invoices (machine-printed); d. Application for registration (BIR Form No. 1903); and e. Proof of payment of annual registration fee (BIR Form No. 0605). 1 day no charge 12. Print receipts and invoices at the print shops The cost is based on the following specifications of the official receipt: 1/2 bond paper (8  ½ x 5  ½ cm) in duplicate, black print, carbonless. The minimum print volume is 25 booklets. 7 days PHP 3,500 13. Have books of accounts and Printer’s Certificate of Delivery (PCD) stamped by the BIR a. All required books of accounts; b. VAT registration certificate; c. SEC registration; d. BIR Form W-5; e. Certified photocopy of the ATP; and f. Notarized taxpayer-user’s sworn statement enumerating the responsibilities and commitments of the taxpayer-user. The company must also submit a copy of the PCD to the BIR RDO having jurisdiction over the printer’s principal place of business. 1 day no charge 14. Register with the Social Security System (SSS) To register with the SSS, the company must submit the following documents: a. Employer registration form (Form R-1); b. Employment report (Form R-1A); c. List of employees, specifying their birth dates, positions, monthly salary and date of employment; and d. Articles of incorporation, by-laws and SEC registration. Business Permits and Application Upon submission of the required documents, the SSS employer and employee numbers will be released. The employees may attend an SSS training seminar after registration. SSS prefers that all members go through such training so that each member is aware of their rights and obligations. 7 days no charge 15. Register with the Philippine Health Insurance Company (PhilHealth) To register with PhilHealth, the company must submit the following documents: a. Employer data record (Form ER1); b. Report of employee-members (Form ER2); c. SEC registration; d. BIR registration; and e. Copy of business permit. Upon submission of the required documents, the company shall get the receiving copy of all the forms as proof of membership until PhilHealth releases the employer and employee numbers within three months.1 day no charge 16. Register with Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-ibig) To register with the HDMF, the corporation must submit the following documents: a. Employer’s Data Form (EDF [FPF040]); b. Specimen Signature Form (SSF[FPF170]); c. Copy of SEC Certificate of Incorporation; d. Copy of Approved Articles of Incorporation and By-laws; and e. Board Resolution or Secretary’s Certificate indicating the duly designated Authorized Representative. Upon submission of the complete documents and payment of the first contribution to the fund, the Pag-IBIG will issue the HDMF number and the HDMF Certificate of Salaries & Benefits: The Chief Officers decides not to have dividend that will worth their hard work and investments since the company is on its starting stage. They decided to recover it until the company start getting to be more profitable than on its starting stage. Every Assistants’ salary is based on the Philippines’ standard and will continuously have an increase as they get promoted based on their performance. The personnel is earning the minimum wage pay in Metro Manila and will also have benefits as the law mandated. The laws on labor standards and employment relations are consolidated in the Labor Code of the Philippines. The salient points of employment conditions and employee benefits under the Philippine labor laws are as follows: Fahrenheit Technologies is giving benefits to their employees as it is mandated by the law. The following are the benefits given by the company as required by the law: 13th month pay, Social Security System (SSS), Philippine Health Insurance (PhilHealth) contributions, Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-ibig Fund) contributions, overtime pay, special holiday/rest day rates, meal and rest periods, and service incentive leave. Other than that, the company is also giving a benefit which is non-mandated by the law, the Christmas Bonus. Social Security System (SSS) Since Fahrenheit Electronics is a private company, they are required to be a member of SSS (Republic Act No. 8282). Social Security Systems aims to protect its member when they are out to source income or when they are unable to work such as sickeness, maternity, after retiring age (meaning, no source of income already), death and other situation where it will result to financial problem. Philippine Health Insurance (PhilHealth) The Philippine government has its medical insurance company, the Philippine Health Insurance or the PhilHealth. Every employee is required to be contributor on this service (Republic Act 7875). Members and its dependent are given health and hospitalization aids by this organization. Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-ibig Fund) The Fahrenheit Electronics employers are also contributing to Pag-ibig Fund (Republic Act 7835) in behalf of their employees. The Home Development Mutual Fund is providing the lowest interest housing and land acquisition it its members that can be payable up to thirty (30) Salaries & Benefits: years. This gives every Filipino an opportunity to acquire their own home by directly deducted from their monthly wages and or salaries. 13th Month Pay All Filipino employees are entitled to have a year-end bonus that has the equivalent of a one (1) month salary. It is regardless on the nature of employee’s employment and it should be given every year. As it is based on the Presidential Decree No. 851, the Fahrenheit Electronics gives its 13th month pay not later than the 24th of December. Overtime Pay, Holiday Pay and Rest Day Rates Fahrenheit Electronics’ employees are rendering eight (8) hours of service per day and if it exceeds, that will be given overtime pay and will be equivalent to the employee’s regular hourly wages plus at least twenty five percent (25%) under Article 87. However, if the company ask their employee to work on their scheduled rest day, particularly Sunday, and on a non-working holiday, the company will be paying them additional compensation at least thirty percent (30%) of his regular wage under Article 93. Meal and Rest Periods The company is giving one (1) hour break for their meals, particularly on Sunday. The company also gives rest periods particularly 15 minutes in the morning and afternoon. These short periods of time is counted as hours worked and it is use for employees to have their coffee and or snack breaks. Service Incentive Leave If the company’s employee has worked for at least one (1) year, they are entitled to have five (5) days leave of absence, with pay, every year. If the employee does not avail those paid leaves, the company can made it mandatory or that leave can be converted to cash equivalents and will be given at the end of the year. Christmas Bonus Of course, it will be given on December before the Christmas Eve. This will be the Fahrenheit Electronics Christmas gift to their employees. Hiring of Personnel: To become an employee of the Fahrenheit Electronics, an applicant goes though some or all of the following phases of the hiring procedures. 1. For employment application, an applicant fills out a Personnel Data Sheet which he/she signs to attest to the truth and accuracy of the information given. This form, available at the Human Resource and Development Office (HRDO), serves as the employee application form which, upon employment, becomes part of the employee’s file with the office. All information on the Personnel Data Sheet is subject to verification and the company reserves the right to dismiss an employee found to have falsified data. 2. A preliminary interview is conducted and a reference checking is made by gathering relevant information from the references given by the applicant in the Personal Data Sheet. 3. A set of employment tests is given to the applicant who passes the preliminary screening. These are the standardized psychological test and skills tests administered by the Administration Office (AO). The test results will help indicate if the applicant is suited for the job. Test results are confidential and may not be shown to applicants or to unauthorized persons. 4. NBI and Police Clearances are required from an applicant who is considered for a job. These clearances are to be forwarded to the HRDO. 5. A medical examination/clearance is also required. The medical examination consists of a physical examination like chest x-ray and a Hepa-B examination. Hiring of Personnel (continued) 6. Finally, an interview is conducted by the supervisor of the HRDO. Upon the supervisor’s recommendation, a temporary or probationary appointment shall be issued. 7. Screening Process for Hiring Purposes. This last step includes final considerations including: Review of application letter, resume, clearances, Transcript of Records Interview by the HRDO head Psychological test by the HRDO Director Second level decision based on results of test by the HRDO Director HRDO reviews medical and other requirements Final decision by the office concerned Orientation: Most employees are nervous on the first day of a new job. We make this transition easier by conducting a detailed orientation program. This lifts the burden from the employee of having to figure things out on his own. It also sends a positive message to the employee about Fahrenheit Technologies’ organizational structure. Before the employee begins work, the human resources department or the employee’s manager is to contact him to answer any questions he may have concerning dress code, document requirements, where he should be on the first day and what time to arrive. Performance Appraisal: Fahrenheit Technologies will conduct its performance appraisals based on their employees’ output. This type of appraisal focuses on job products as the primary criteria. The most commonly used output-based appraisal is Management-by-Objectives (MBO). This specifies the performance goals that an individual hopes to attain within an appropriate length of time. The objectives that each manager sets are derived from the overall goals and objectives of the organization. Implementation of an MBO appraisal system is comprised of four basic stages. Job Review and Agreement: In the first phase the employee and the supervisor review the job description and the key activities that comprise the employee’s job. The idea is to agree on the exact makeup of the employee’s job. Development of Performance Standards: Specific standards of performance must be mutually developed. This phase specifies a satisfactory level of performance that is specific and measurable. Guided Objective Setting: Objectives are established by the employee in conjunction with, and guided by, the supervisor. Objectives should be realistically attainable and may be different from the set performance standard. Continuing Performance Discussions: The employee and the supervisor use the objectives as bases for continuing discussions about the employee’s performance. Although a formal review session may be scheduled, the employee and the manager do not necessarily wait until the appointed time for performance discussion. GANTT Chart: (Vic) Product Concept: This is a three dimensional (3D) rendering of our carrier product, the Thermo-Mug. Benefits: If you love hot drinks, you definitely want them to stay hot no matter where you go. The Thermo-Mug ensures that your coffee, hot chocolate or tea stays hot while you are out and about. There are so many options of travel mugs out in the market, but only our Thermo-Mug provides these benefits: Temperature-Control Thermo-Mug is the only travel mug with a temperature control chamber. The chamber keeps hot beverages at the perfect sipping temperature. You no longer have to decide between burning your tongue or waiting until your beverage is too tepid to enjoy. And when your hot beverage starts to get cold, simply plug it into your car lighter or any USB port. The Thermo-Mug warms it back up in no time. When your coffee is the perfect temperature, it tastes its best. Locking Lid Hot coffee in your lap is painful. Hot chocolate in your cup holder is a sticky mess. One of the benefits of the Thermo-Mug is its locking lid. Pour your beverage into it, screw on the lid and go. The Thermo-Mug ensures that your hot beverage stays where it belongs while you roll over potholes or run for the bus. Dropping your tea while you juggle your bags no longer means a wasted drink. Form & Function Many travel mugs simply miss the mark in one way or another. The Thermo-Mug is ergonomically designed to fit snugly yet comfortably in your grip. The mug has a non-slip grip on its bottom and fits into all cup holders. Its 16-ounce capacity ensures that you have a cup for the smallest espresso to the tallest latte. Also, no fashion-forward person wants to carry a clunky, unattractive mug to work or school. Our Thermo-Mug comes with stylish stainless steel and chrome accents. Benefits (continued) Cheap Advertising With these travel mugs, you can have your business logo and advertisement carried by many people wherever they go. Not only are they portable and long lasting, they make great walking billboards for your business’s brand. Our Thermo-Mugs are relatively inexpensive if bought in quantity. Even if they are bought in smaller amounts, they still function as cheap mobile advertising. There are not many promotional items that can last as long as printed travel mugs. As a business, you want your logo to work to its full potential. It needs to be eye-catching and easy to read. Being that coffee and tea are big parts of most people’s lives, using our Thermo-Mug with your logo on it ensures that people are always aware of your brand. They are an easy and great way to build up your name throughout your market sector. For Convenience The most obvious use of a travel coffee mug is consuming hot beverages while out and about. It also minimizes the chance of spilling your drink. You can also make coffee only once and store up to three servings in it. The insulation system of the Thermo-Mug will ensure that the coffee temperature is perfect for later consumption. For The Environment Lots of companies are trying to move away from disposable items for the sake of being eco-friendly. The Thermo-Mug achieves this because they’re reusable, thereby fulfilling corporate responsibility. They are also energy efficient in that you don’t have to keep brewing coffee throughout the day. Company Profile & Logo: Logo Company Name Fahrenheit Technologies Company Location 778 B, Mahogany Street, Octagon Village, Barangay Dela Paz, Pasig City Contact Information 512-3640 / 0917-888-1218 Key Executives Victor Ros, Francisco Andres, Harold Bautista, Gerone Santos & Kevin Dela Torre Branch Locations TBA Company Description Established in 2012, we produce consumer products that are innovative, functional, distinctive in quality and design and not widely available from other retailers. Number of Employees 1 President, 4 Executive Directors, 4 in administration, and 10 in operations – a total of 19. Location: Fahrenheit Technologies will be located in 778 B, Mahogany Street, Octagon Village, Barangay Dela Paz, Pasig City, housed in a two-storey building with a large assembly area, 4 offices, and a conference room. The City of Pasig is one of the city-municipalities of Metro Manila and was the former capital of the province of Rizal prior to the formation of this grouping of cities designated as the National Capital Region. Located along the eastern part of Metro Manila, Pasig is bordered on the west by Quezon City and Mandaluyong City; to the north by Marikina City; to the south by Makati City, Pateros, and Taguig City; and to the east by Antipolo City. Pasig is primarily residential and industrial but has been becoming increasingly commercial in recent years. With its close proximity to the Ortigas Business District, our target market area, we’ve confirmed that this location serves our company the best. Ortigas Center is a financial and central business district with an area of more than 100 hectares. It is Metro Manila’s second most important business district after Makati City. It is home to many shopping malls, call centers, office and condominium skyscrapers, other building complexes, nightlife bars and restaurants. It is surrounded by the streets of EDSA to the west, Ortigas Avenue to the north, Meralco Avenue to the east, and Shaw Boulevard to the south. All of these factors make Ortigas Center a prime location to introduce our product to the market. Layout: The layout of our office, seen here, shows a large assembly area to the right. This is where most of our operations take place. In the middle you see our sales office at the bottom and directly above it is our Head Office bordered by our conference room used for meetings and planning and such. At the bottom left of this layout will be where our Human Resource and Accounting Office are placed. Above that will be our Marketing office. At the very left corner of this layout is the fire exit that leads outside. A x square meter space, we will be leasing this building for Php 50,000.00 per month. Manufacturing/Assembly Process: -help paco -pictures -step by step -ent res charts for manufacturing/production Our workers have a total of 8 working hours including1:30 minutes break. An individual worker can assemble one mug in 20 minutes including all the process. One worker can produce 24 mugs in six hours and thirty minutes. To account for employee absences and late arrivals and such, we will assume that 1 worker per day can assemble or produce 20 travel mugs. Production Process: –help paco -pictures -step by step -ent res charts for manufacturing/production Our workers have a total of 8 working hours including1:30 minutes break. An individual worker can assemble one mug in 15 minutes including all the process. One worker can produce 26 mugs in six hours and thirty minutes. To account for employee absences and late arrivals and such, we will assume that 1 worker per day can assemble or produce 20 travel mugs. Raw Materials: Stainless Steel Cup. (durability of the product) Twelve (12) pesos per unit. P 30,000 in bulk. Handle. (rubberized on the inner side where the finger tips will be placed to enhance grip) Five (5) pesos per unit. P 12,500 in bulk. USB Connector. (option) (can be used when you’re using laptop) Ten (10) pesos per unit. P 25,000 in bulk. Car Cigarette Lighter. (option) (To feel the portability of the product using car) Ten (10) pesos per unit. P 25,000 in bulk. Plastic Lid. (made from food grade plastic) Five (5) pesos per unit. P 12,500 in bulk. Bottom Holder – Holds the heating container in place, connects the USB Adaptor to the heating coil, and attaches to the plastic accent (above it) and the bottom plate (below it). Fifteen (10) pesos per unit. P 25,000 in bulk. Plastic Accent – covers the inner layer of the Thermo-Mug. Serves as a safety measure and aesthetic design. Five (5) per unit. P 12,500 in bulk. Heating Coil. Fifteen (15) pesos per unit. P 37,500 in bulk. Bottom Plate – holds the outer layer of the unit to the inner reheat layer. two (3) pesos per unit. P 7,500 in bulk. Factory Machinery & Equipment: The following are the Fahrenheit Electronics’ Factory Machinery and Equipment used for the production of the Thermo-Mug: The following are the Fahrenheit Electronics’ Factory Machinery and Equipment used for the production of the Thermo-Mug: Wires (Php 18 per meter) P 2,340 per 150 meter. It is a single wire, cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. It use for the electricity flow directly to the coils to heat-up. Long Nose And Diagonal Wire Cutter (Php 350.00 per unit) P 4.86 per month. It is used for cutting electrical wires. Soldering iron (Php 450.00 per unit) P 6.25 per month. It is used to solder the wirings and coils to produce durable bonding and connection between each other. Electric tape (Php 5.00 per unit) It is used to cover-up open wires. It is also used to insulate electrical wirings to prevent from unnecessary conduction. Food grade epoxy (Php 1,276.38 per 3.74 liters) Food grade epoxy is used to bond each part of the tumbler. It is a food grade material so it can’t harm anybody who’ll use the product. Factory Machinery & Equipment: 8 in 1 screw driver with flashlight. It is used for the screws involved in the production of the product. (P 195.00 each) P2.70 per month. Packaging: The Company’s Smart mug is wrapped by a plastic film, polyethylene. It is a common plastic and commonly used in packaging different kinds of product such as bottles, containers, furniture, appliances and so on and so forth. The product is wrapped with it because of its flexibility to fit the package firmly. It is also for better stress resistance, impact resistance, and toughness of the product. Packaging which forms a sales unit for the user or final consumer .The product will be enclose in a plastic wrap and each product will have a carton box and comes to a bigger box for the storage in the building. The main packaging materials included: * Carton box * Plastic wrap * Paper/fiberboard Packaging Cost Carton box= P 400 per month Plastic wrap= P 1000 per month Paper/fiberboard = P 4000 per month Packaging The Fahrenheit Electronics’ Thermo-cup is wrapped by a plastic film made from polyethylene. It is a common plastic and commonly used in packaging different kinds of product such as bottles, containers, furniture, appliances and so on and so forth. The product is wrapped with it because of its flexibility to fit the package firmly. It is also for better stress resistance, impact resistance, and toughness of the product. After the wrapping of polyethylene plastic film, it will mainly packed in a semi open box like carton packaging with a company name and descriptions indicated. The logo of the company will be placed at the upper-center most of the thermo-cup. The design of the logo will be print screened or engraved depends upon the demand and taste of the customer. The company will offer a different style of marketing which the customer will have an option to customize their own thermo-cup by making their own logo engraved or print screened on it and it depends where the logo will be placed. But the packaging will be the same as mentioned and prices may vary. Delivery: Our company use L300 van in delivering our product. This van is owned by our co- owners and this is one of our company’s advantages. We don’t need to pay for rental of vehicles we just spend a sort money for the gasoline. Our company owned three vehicles to be used for our transactions. The vehicles to be used by our company are the following: *Kia K2700 cost = (839,000 pesos) * Nissan close van cost = (200,000 pesos) 2nd hand The total cost of our two vehicles amount to 1,039,000 Php Depreciation value of vehicles : * Kia K2700 = 69,916.67 Php per month * Nissan close van = 16,666.67 Php per month Total depreciation cost = 86,583.34 Php per year Many businesses use their own vehicles when transacting operations. Our vehicles are owned by our three directors our Operation Director Mr. Bautista owned the Mitsubishi adventure, our Marketing director Mr. Andres owned the Kia k2700 and our Finance Director Mr. Santos owned the Nissan close van. Quality & Safety Measures: Our product Thermo-Mug has heating capacity to ensure that our consumers will enjoy their specific hot drinks. Our product thermo cup has usb plug and lighter heater plug in order for the thermo cup to maintain its warm temperature. This product is portable and there is no need for the consumers to avail hot water, they could simply plug in their thermo cup in their laptops or cars and the thermo cup would automatically heat up their drinks. Thermo cup does not contain any hazardous chemical. The inner part of thermo cup is made up of stainless metal which is the heater of the mug. The outer layer of the cup is made up of fiber glass and can absorb the heat of the cup. Each electrical part of the thermo cup was fixed very well to ensure the safety of the consumers. Thermo cup has a limit heating temperature and it is only up to 72 Fahrenheit. This kind of temperature is for warming purposes and probably safe. Our product thermo mug is designed for young professionals and other busy professionals. Thermo mug is different from ordinary tumblers thermo mug has heat retention properties. It also contains USB plug and car plug for heat retention. Consumers can plug this mug on their laptops and even in their own cars. Thermo mug is properly sealed and the outer part of our product is all water proof so thermo mug is absolutely washable. The stainless still container which holds the liquid beverage is also washable. Thermo mug contains 12 volts if it is plug into the car socket and if it is plug into USB plugs it contains 5 volts which is built for the safety of our possible consumers. The socket of thermo mug contains retractable plug cover to prevent water leak when washing the thermo mug.-pictures -add more descriptions as needed Location & Layout: Fahrenheit Technologies will be headquartered in 778 B, Mahogany Street, Octagon Village, Barangay Dela Paz, Pasig City. The total size of our office is 273.37 square meters. -add narrative -benefits/advantages of layout Introduction to Marketing Aspect As mentioned, Fahrenheit Technologies is a corporation that primarily caters to other businesses (B2B). These are a type of commerce transaction that exists between businesses, such as those involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer. Business to business refers to business that is conducted between companies, rather than between a company and individual consumers. In order to be successful with your B2B marketing plan, you need to begin with getting answers to questions about just how you will define your marketing success. Thinking about your business and committing your marketing goals and budget to paper is the first meaningful step towards a plan to succeed. Planning your marketing will also eliminate knee-jerk spending that usually results in wasting scarce financial resources that do not produce a return on investment. This is where all the information gathered about the current market is vital. In this part of the study we will discuss the factors that affect the feasibility of our business. One of the first factors that need attention is the industry analysis. Industry analysis involves reviewing information on current economic market conditions. Industries studied can include retail, fast food, manufacturing, various repair services and construction. The type and number of business industries analyzed depends on the local economic market. Markets with large groups of consumers or several demographic groups often have more business industries than smaller economic markets. Free market economies are built on the concept of supply and demand. Markets with high consumer demand often have more companies in particular industries. And when it comes to supply and demand, that is also one of the most important parts of economics and how it measures the strength of a market economy. Supply and demand set the price and the amount of a good that will be produced. When the demand is high the price will be less, but when the price is high the demand will be less. Market Overview general view of the market possible customers in a general sense charts and graphs according to survey Market Segmentation charts and graphs according to survey more centralized according to target markets Target Markets -charts and graphs according to survey -actual businesses we’ve targeted The Fahrenheit Technologies targets the big and small companies that can sell the thermo-mug to its clients. The biggest client of Fahrenheit Technologies is the travel airlines, coffee shops and tea shops. Some other business that will buy our product that they will be using in there promotional activities for the customers. Promotional Activities Push Strategy: Push strategy uses company’s sales force to create customer demand for product. In it the manufacturer promotes the products to distributors, the distributors to wholesalers, the wholesalers to retailers and in last retailers to customers. This strategy requires less expenditure as no major advertisement is made. But still to adopt push strategy all supply chain members have to give special offers to the buyers, they have to give discounted offers and closeout deals, etc. This strategy is also very effective in wholesale business as the wholesalers have to sell products to retailers and until or unless they offer something special to retailers they will not buy from them. So adopting promotional activities is very important for wholesale suppliers. Sales Promotion Business-to-business markets sales promotions are also used as a means of moving customers to action. However, the promotional choices available to the B-to-B marketer are not as extensive as those found in the consumer or trade markets. For example, most B-to-B marketers do not use coupons as a vehicle for sales promotion with the exception of companies that sell to both consumer and business customers (e.g., products sold through office supply retailers). Rather, the techniques more likely to be utilized include: price-reductions, free product, promotional products and trade shows. Of the promotions listed, trade shows are by far the mostly widely used sales promotion for B-to-B marketers. Sales promotion has been in constant growth since the 1960’s and has today become one of the key factors in the promotional mix. The methods used have become more sophisticated and an increasing number of companies are realizing the importance of a well structured promotion strategy. It was also found that the focus is not always on using sales promotion tools to generate sales, but to improve relationships. As for the tools used, it was found that there are commonly used sales promotional tools in B2B settings. Promotional Activities Advertising – advertise the product, service or brand in newspapers, radio, television, magazines, outdoor signage and website. Personal selling or Telemarketing – Face-to-face selling in which a seller attempts to persuade a buyer to make a purchase. Publicity – created by sending media releases to print and broadcasting media, giving interviews to the media and from word-of-mouth. Short-term sales Promotions – market your product or service using coupons, competitions, discounts, and contests. Direct Marketing – involves sending letters, emails, pamphlets and brochures to individual target clients, often followed by personal selling or telemarketing. X-Deals – this involves releasing our products to established retailers in exchange for a percentage of the profit. This percentage ranges for each retailer but also promises immediate exposure to the market. Sample products: 135,000 php (300 pcs @ P450 per mug) Free/Giveaways -The company will be giving away sample products in prospective clients. Trade shows: 20,000 php -when there is trade show the company will participate by installing a both to display the products. SWOT Analysis http://www.cps.ca.gov/workforceplanning/documents/ToolKitEnvScanSWOT.pdf STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Everyone uses tumbler especially when they’re drinking coffee Attractive because of its electronic capabilities Simple but very useful The market is not existing resulting to difficulty to build a string market OPPORTUNITIES THREATS There are no other tumbler that has the capability to reheat liquids such as coffee or water. Not so expensive so the chance of expanding is high Potential on the B2B transaction through a retail outlet Can be sell on a study store or any bookstore There might have competition online or local. There are simple tumblers that only function to hold your coffee or any other drinks Distribution Channel The Distribution Channel of the Fahrenheit Electronics Company is using a Business-to-Business Marketing which it describes transactions between business, including the manufacturer-wholesaler transaction relationship and, or wholesaler-retailer transaction relationship. The same as the Business-to-Consumer marketing, B2B can also employ different channels, such as physical store or e-commerce as the company acquire. The difference is that B2B’s transaction is in bulk therefore involving large sums of money which is how the company transacts. Industry Analysis TRENDS Small kitchen appliances continued to have a small contribution to overall volume sales of consumer appliances in 2012, because almost all of these products are considered unnecessary or have direct and indirect substitutes which are cheaper or are readily available in most homes. Nonetheless, the category posted volume growth of 5% in 2012. This can be attributed to the increasing need for convenient products due to Filipinos’ busier lifestyles. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE Ever Good Unlimited remained the leader in small kitchen appliances in 2012, with a 29% volume share. The company was able to maintain its position due to the strong following for its Imarflex brand, its long-standing presence in the country, and extensive distribution across different channels. In 2012, Ever Good Unlimited and Northern Islands, its closest competitor, each registered a market share increase of two percentage points. However, Northern Islands experienced a slightly stronger sales volume growth of 5.4%. PROSPECTS Small kitchen appliances are expected to record a volume CAGR of 4% over the forecast period. This stable growth can be attributed to more Filipinos switching to electric kettles, the biggest category, because of the convenience that these devices offer, especially to those with hectic schedules. The country’s good economic outlook is also anticipated to stimulate demand, as consumers will be more willing to spend due to better financial stability. Hence, household penetration is expected to improve in the next five years. http://www.euromonitor.com/small-kitchen-appliances-non-cooking-in-the-philippines/report Industry Analysis Consumer Appliances in the Philippines Consumer appliances records modest volume and value growth in 2012 Consumer appliances in the Philippines recorded modest volume growth in 2012. This growth can be attributed to better economic conditions, the residential property boom in the country, the green initiatives of the government and manufacturers, and the prevalence of flexible payment options from major banks and chained electrical goods retailers. The increase in value sales, on the other hand, was mainly driven by greater demand for energy-efficient and feature-heavy models, which commonly command higher unit prices. (Source: http://www.euromonitor.com/consumer-appliances-in-the-philippines/report) Top Appliances Stores in the Philippines The EMCOR Store Head Office In Davao City. EMCOR has over 100 branches spread across the Philippines. There are a number of appliance stores in the Philippines that carry nearly all product lines. They offer prices at almost the same rates like their competitors. Nevertheless, not all of these companies share the same excellence when it comes to products and services. Quality products, excellent service and amazing promotions are some of the aspects that set them aside from the rest. Below are the Top 3 one-stop shop appliance stores operating all over the Philippines today. We considered the following criteria for ranking the companies: Network size, Products, Service, Online transaction capability, and Industry tenure. 1. EMCOR Inc. is considered to be the most extensive retail appliance, computer, furniture and motorcycle store in the Philippines. They have been serving the Filipino people for 52 years. This company has a total of 106 stores operating all over Visayas, Mindanao and Palawan areas with a sister company in Luzon, the KServico, that has a total of 100 stores in Metro Manila and Luzon area. It has developed the online transaction feature recently and is beginning to receive orders for overseas customers. They have the customer service officers or CSO’s to attend to the customers even after the sale. EMCOR carries all major brands for all product lines. One reason that separates this company among the others is their Instalment Plan. EMCOR offers Industry Analysis installment plan of up to 30 months for motorcycles and 18 months for appliances, furniture and computers. In addition, they recently added Western Union to their service in order to cater the remittances of our sisters and brothers working abroad. 2. Abenson, Inc., one of the companies of Benison Group of Companies, has engaged in retailing of appliances and consumer products in the Philippines for 35 years now. They have 64 branches in Luzon, Cebu and Tagbilaran only. They operate inside department stores for the convenience of the people. Most customers prefer one-stop shopping nowadays and there’s no better place for it but the malls. Their online shop, to most, is considered to be among the best Philippine website marketing tools. It caters to both local and overseas consumers.Abenson stores carry appliance and computer brands for all product lines. 3. SM Appliance is the retail appliance store of SM Group of companies. They have been in the industry for 18 years since their incorporation in SM malls in 1991. Although SM Appliance stores are located only inside SM Department Stores and other prominent malls, it has 45 branches operating all over Luzon (37), Visayas (6) and Mindanao (2). They also have their online store which will enable customers to shop for appliances in the Philippine, both local and abroad.SM Appliance stores carry all kinds of products from small to major items. These companies continue to grow in spite of the economic challenges our industry are experiencing right now. They continue to serve the global market with quality products and excellent services. These facts are the reasons why the aforementioned companies are among the top appliance stores in the Philippines. Market Risks The advent of advanced electronics technology in the country brought various introduction of innovative electronic products to the market. This trend does not allow the majority of manufacturing companies to maximize their time to introduce another product. This is mainly because there is an increasing intense competition in the industry. There exists a diverse competitors ranging from huge global corporations to specialized companies within the Philippines. Competitors are increasingly manufacturing products, including sophisticated ones, in low-cost jurisdictions. This becomes one of the risks that the company shall look into. Other risks, manufacturing in particular, include two main issues: First is the price of the major commodity, and raw materials. Since the materials to be used in the product are not solely produced by the company, the fluctuation of global exchange rate might affect the price of raw materials that are mostly imported by large manufacturing companies in other countries. Secondly, quality control checks have been introduced at all stages of appliance assembly in the country. Thus, it requires that the company shall also perform quality control during its product assembly. Demand & Supply Analysis https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CGYQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cps.ca.gov%2Fworkforceplanning%2Fdocuments%2FGetStartSuppDemAnalysis.doc&ei=9-MtUu6XF-jQiAfk7IDADQ&usg=AFQjCNHgZcAaZ6XXwvcOb_RNuMgRuwni1w&sig2=X1ntMOFozrj67OQzBeDuOw Survey A Short Survey on Travel Mugs – We appreciate your input and guarantee that your answers will be treated with confidentiality and respect. Rest assured that the results will be used strictly for academic purposes only. Thank you! What is the name of your company? What is your line of business? Who are your key customers? How many people does your company employ? What is your job title? Does your company have other branches? Does your company offer travel mug/coffee tumblers to its customers? If not, would you be willing to? If so, who is responsible for buying or getting them? Where does your company go when looking for an item like this? How often does your company purchase them? How many of them do you order each time? How long does it take your company to make this buying decision? What features do you look for when you purchase this item? What needs are you trying to meet when you purchase them? Socio-Economic Aspect A. Customer Our product thermo cup has a great impact on our customers. Thermo cup is made not only for busy business man but also for young professionals who does not have enough time to boil water for their coffee. Our product was made for all workers who are very busy, thermo cup has heating capacity and also contain USB plug so our customers can plug in the thermo cup in their laptops or even in their cars. Thermo cup is also a friendly user it is very easy to use and it is also portable and you can bring it anywhere even when you are travelling inside or outside the country. Thermo cup is made to let people know technology is evolving very fast it might affect the old tradition of each customers but customers should know what benefits they would will be getting when they consume an advance product. Thermo cup ensure 100 percent quality and 100 percent satisfactory for our dear customers. B. Community Building a new assembly area nearby a community will affect the local’s everyday life and their future. The environment of the town will also alter, it is true that there are some negative effects, because a large assembly area will pollute the environment and the traffic will rise. The most obvious advantages of the new assembly area are the economy developments. Nowadays, unemployment is increasing therefore almost every town require new job opportunities. the positive effect to the local economy is tremendous. New workplaces born and the extant industry is also improving by the increased commerce. In addition, environmental change is also performed because the government has more found to spend from the growth of the industrial tax and the drop of the unemployment benefits. On the other hand, the new construction will have disadvantages. For instance, the pollution will rise and the traffic of the town is probably increasing. The construction of the new assembly area is often noisy and perhaps taking for a year to being built. After it is finished, the employees are starting to work and as a result, the traffic of the rush hours will grow. Furthermore, the factory will begin to pollute the environment. Not only the assembly area itself, but also the new volume of transport. All things considered, building a new assembly area is beneficial to the community in spite of its adverse affect, because in our days, people well-being depends on work opportunities and economy state. If the fund of the town is good, the environment pollution can be reduced by developments. C. Government Fahrenheit Technologies assures that their company will regularly pay their taxes and will follow all the rules set by the government. The benefit that the government can obtain from Fahrenheit Technologies is the tax revenue itself. And in return this tax revenue collected by the government will benefit the household sector D. Proponents (Vic) This company can also offer jobs to a lot of unemployed citizens that will help the economy build itself. The proposed business will benefit the economy through providing employment. This will give the hired employees and their families their source of income for their living needs. That consumers income will help keep the economy stimulated. This business will support local workers as well as professionals and alleviate the need for local employment. It will also promote the creativity of the individuals, concerned in this project. The business will also contribute to the competition which will lower the price of the product but will maintain its quality. Curriculum Vitae -resumes Executive Summary This study aims to examine the feasibility of introducing an innovative, non-cooking appliance in the market The objective of this study is to identify the demand for this product in the market Justification Study objective Scope of study Type of business Management highlights Marketing highlights Financial highlights Socio-eco contribution 2 pages! Sources Financial Director http://www.paretofd.co.uk/financedirector_1006.pdf Human Resource Director http://www.villanovau.com/hr-director-job-description/ Marketing Director http://voices.yahoo.com/roles-responsibilities-marketing-director-7654218.html Office Supplies http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industries/Industry_Analysis__Office_Equipment_and_Supplies.aspx Organization President http://humanresources.about.com/od/samplejobdescription/f/president.htm Salaries & Benefits http://easyoutsource.com/employee-benefits-in-the-philippines/ http://invest.cfo.gov.ph/pdf/part2/salaries-and-wages.pdf http://www.coa.gov.ph/tsolmp/TSOIntra/Manpower(labor).htm Company Profile http://www.businessweek.com/small-business/legal-forms/starting-a-business/company-profile-samples.html Raw Materials http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/diode1.htm http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/392421984/12V_Smart_mug_16oz_capacity_with.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090606150900AAKF1eh B2B Survey http://survey.cvent.com/blog/best-practices-for-conducting-surveys/15-key-questions-for-b2b-market-research-surveys Performance Appraisal http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/research/swdsi/2003/Papers/089.pdf Hiring of Personnel http://www.adzu.edu.ph/employment-policies-and-practices/hiring-procedure.html Benefits of Travel Mug http://EzineArticles.com/3033108 http://www.asicentral.com/asp/open/content/content.aspx?id=3842 http://www.promotionalgifts.org/travel-mugs-c127.htm http://drinks.answers.com/bar-equipment/benefits-of-a-brugo-travel-mug Location http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortigas_Center http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_City Distribution Channel https://www.boundless.com/marketing/marketing-channels/channel-structures/b2b-channels/ Promotional Strategy http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/sales-promotion-in-business-to-business-marketing-marketing-essay.php Type of Business http://www.ebscohost.com/uploads/imported/thisTopic-dbTopic-1074.pdf http://20101918nd.blogspot.com/2011_03_01_archive.html http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btob.asp Industry Analysis http://www.euromonitor.com/small-kitchen-appliances-non-cooking-in-the-philippines/report http://jsantos8000.hubpages.com/hub/top-appliances-stores Business Permits and Applications http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/philippines/starting-a-business Pre-operating Costs

Investment Appraisal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Investment Appraisal - Assignment Example Investment Appraisal The growth stage is also evidenced by the existence of sufficient resources that will be enough for the organization to open up to new opportunities. Tyneside gravel organization is currently faced by three main decisions. The first decision that Tyneside organization needs to consider is the need to expand as a way of meeting the demand of more customers. Through expansion it will be possible for the organization to open up to more opportunities. The organization needs to make a stable decision on the need to expand especially because one the area they seek to move in doesn’t have enough sand and gravel which would only add to the inconveniences (McEvoy, 2012). Tyneside gravel organization also needs to make a decision about having a similar stand especially for the autocratic managing director who fears taking into new and innovative methods which are mostly useful in adding to the success of any business. Tyneside organization is also faced by a third and very important dec ision of choosing between the most viable expansion site between Cleadon Hill and Burdon Farm through a consideration of various factors such as market and cost of leasing. Market is one of the major factors that affect the success of a particular organization because it affects both internal and external efficiency thus making it necessarily for Tyneside Gravel to put it into consideration. The issue of the market should be considered relative to Claedon Hill especially based on the fact that one of the management has secured a promise with a top contractor in the region to buy from the company should they decide to take on the Claedon Hill farm. By having the Claedon Hill as a site the company is more assured of a constant income since it will be able to make 240000 tons per year for the first year which is an assured estimate due to the Mowlem agreement. The company also estimates market sales of about 200000 tons per annum for the next three years. Lease is also a factor that the Tyneside Company should consider on the basis of the actual cost of the lease and the amount the company would spend on development of the lease and the time taken for the development as this is likely to affect the viability of the company in future. On signing the Claedon Hill lease Tyneside company will have to part with 500000 dollars which will be paid immediately while the time taken to develop the site will be a year which will cost the company 95000 dollars including the installation of machinery required for use in the site. The Tyneside Company on the other hand should also be able to analysis the Baldon Farm market which has a number of customers within the site but its viability will highly depend on securing more customers on the south. Market sales figures are expected to attract a 300000 tons buying power per annum. On a more positive trend the company expects to have a build on its market by the fifth year of about 900000 tons per year which is expected to continue over the remaining part of the project. The cost of lease in the Baldon Farm too will take into account the actual cost at the time of immediate lease, cost of development and the time that will be taken to end the work. The firm has been offered a deal to pay 700000 dollars at the initial lease coupled with the cost of development which is expected to be about 400000 dollars especially because the area is remote and requires more of infrastructural development. Question 2 Operational risks Every business that seeks to expand its ground is faced by several challenges that are commonly referred to as business expansion risks. Competitive business ex pansio

International aspects of business law Coursework

International aspects of business law - Coursework Example Increasingly international trade organizations such as the WTO and bilateral free-trade agreements such as those in place with the United States and E.U. can significantly shape and alter the economic environment in a way that financial planners must identify and manage for investment clients with advance preparation. The importance of international law to traders in this context of financial investment services and commodities trading particularly cannot be understated, as it is a direct aspect of risk management operations that form a part of due diligence in any overseas investment strategy. Financial planners and traders must identify the risk elements that international law governs as a variable in estimating the success and expected returns of a project in order to successfully manage investment services for clients in the contemporary era of globalization. The history behind the WTO, bank frameworks, and financial regulation are all chief matters of international aspects of bu siness law which affect trade. The application of international law to trading activity of commodities, equities, and bonds globally is a specialized field and different in many ways from the sectors of international law which govern trade, commerce, and other forms of business development activity. For example, international traders generally have little worry over the application of labour or environmental law to their activities globally, as these are related to the general commercial operations of a business and not the trading activity particularly. Traders find their business operations most significantly impacted in the import and export process when the goods involved are passing through an international border. Most nations do not tax transit cargo that passes through sea and air ports, however most nations do tax and regulate imports and exports domestically through the application of international law and accepted practice. In order for a trader or financial planner to un derstand the requirements and how they apply differently from country to country, the GATT Agreements, or General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade, begun in international negotiations at the end of the Second World War and birth of the United Nations, are the most important references for international trade. The GATT Agreements stand as the most comprehensive and accepted standards of international trade laws among nations as negotiated directly through their envoys and representatives. Therefore, international traders and financial planners who require the complete country-by-country listing of trade and tariff requirements as established in international law should base their investigation in the publications of the GATT Agreements, or General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), the modern descendent of the International Trade Organization (ITO). DZ Cass has written about the GATT and ITO/WTO systemization of international trade law in his essa y, The 'Constitutionalization' of International Trade Law: Judicial Norm-generation as the Engine of Constitutional Development in International Trade (Cass, 2001). In the articles, Cass suggests that the GATT Agreements and further negotiations of the WTO represent a process of creating a type of constitution for international trade where nothing but the chaos and conflicting interests of sovereign

RESEARCH CRITIQUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RESEARCH CRITIQUE - Essay Example The study is important in that the number of head injury casualties in casualty departments and minor units continues to rise. Early and proper emergency care is important as it helps to reduce potential disability and death risks. The objectives of this study were as follows; i. To identify the signs and symptoms (‘red flag mechanisms’) of severe head injury in children and adults ii. To establish levels of head injuries and categories of skull fractures iii. To establish the importance of computed tomography, after care following head injury and proper discharge. iv. To identify common causes of head injuries in children and adults v. To establish history taking techniques and their interrelations with inter-cerebral head damage and bleeding The study faces limitation due to possibility of researcher/ nurse bias when assessing injuries through history taking. The study has not provided a razor sharp research design but the flow of the report structure helps to determin e it. Research design for any study involves specifying the methods and procedures under which the study will be conducted thus giving it direction. The study employed descriptive research design which involves describing a phenomenon with a view to answering some research or health questions. The data about a phenomenon is obtained through use of questionnaires or observational guides and monitoring equipment (Taylor, Kermode and Roberts, 2006). The study through the research design seeks to describe the three categories of head injuries that include minor, moderate and severe. Under each condition the research has tried to clearly establish the diagnostics tests that should be carried out. For example, the study has specified mechanisms for establishing severity of the injury, history taking steps and observational features to look for. In advanced cases of injury the study has documented how Computed Tomography (CT) scanning can be applied. The research design also provides a fra mework for understanding the anatomy of the skull bones, how to carry out physical examination and care and advice needed during and after treatment and discharge. The study has discussed two theoretical frameworks at length that are used in physical examination of casualties with head injuries. First, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) theoretical framework has been discussed. The framework is suitable as it helps to standardize the assessment levels of consciousness in patients with atraumatic head injuries. The framework also helps to predict severity of the injury and any intra-cerebral bleeding. Normally, the higher the score, the less is the risk. Second theoretical framework is Alert Voice Pain Unresponsive (AVPU) model used to measure consciousness level using AVPU tool. The method is easier and less time consuming. The tool helps to establish whether the patient is [A] Alert, responsive to [V]voice and [P]Pain or [U]unresponsive. Both frameworks support the research study in that GCS helps to establish severity of the injury in a more standardized manner and AVPU helps to establish consciousness level which is critical in deciding whether to do CT scanning. In summary, both frameworks help to classify the head injuries as minor, moderate or severe. AVPU has however been contested for its reliability to establish changes in consciousness. Organization of literature search is well done and flowing. The study starts by giving an introduction on head injuries and statistics in

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Summarize two articles - Essay Example Bankrupt companies in Japan seem to find a way out of their debts by inviting foreign enterprises to bail them out. One example is Elpida Memory which agreed to be taken over by the American Company, Micron Technology for $760 million with the expectation that $1.8 billion be made to pay for Elpida’s debts in banks and other secured creditors at 70% of what they are owed. Unsecured creditors of Elpida, on the other hand only get 20-30% of what they are owed. This has caused much uproar amongst bondholders who complain that the Micron offer was way below the value of the Elpida company, which they claim is valued at $3.8 billion. Hence, they have resorted to seeking other sponsors to take over. In the past, Japan would not have allowed such battle to happen since investors rolled over funds while a restructuring was forced upon them. The government would force the takeover of a bankrupt company, causing negative outcomes for the company itself and its employees, and being a bur den to the economy. Nowadays, bankruptcy is a real option due to more openness to foreign take-overs rescuing failed Japanese

Evocative Object Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evocative Object - Research Proposal Example Constant suspense is a common trait that fearful people possess. There are many kinds of fear. These are namely fear of getting old, decision-making, career change, public speaking and many other kinds. Another very common source of fear is from superstition. A very common example of superstition is that of Friday the 13 of any month of the year. Previous researchers such as Dosey shows that Friday the 13th superstitions are rooted in ancient bad luck associations especially with the day Friday and the number 13 (119). There is also a biblical reference to 13 as an unlucky number. Judas, who was one of the apostles, betrayed Jesus and was said to have been the 13th guest during the Last Supper. This research will predominantly involve interaction with people since fear is something that is developed in people’s minds. The kinds of research designs to be employed in this research are Quantitative and Qualitative. According to Belinda in a Quantitative research design, the Descriptive Model would be most favorable since it describes phenomena as they exist (45). This model makes use of raw data for research. This data is collected through administering questionnaires, carrying out observations and interviews. The people to participate in the interviews will be sampled using Random Sampling techniques. This research may refer to research that relates to this current research to get good information from it. Based on the information collected from the research, evaluation and analysis shall be carried out. The results from the analysis shall be used to create patterns from which decisions will be made to state whether the research was successful or futile. Dr. Belinda Biscoe, presented an article that shows the different types of research designs that can be used in any research. They have been broken down such that the reader may understand the differences put into gathering of information for the

Tensile Tst Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tensile Tst - Lab Report Example The intention of this experiment is to find out what kind of material should be used in different loading conditions depending upon the kind of construction and the criticality of the work structure. In the experiment, 4 samples of different metals were used –Aluminum, Brass, Steel and Cast-Iron. The experiment involves application of axial loads to four different specimens of identical dimensions till it breaks. A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is used for this purpose and corresponding stress, strain and extension undergone by each specimen prior to breakage is observed and suitable conclusions drawn. Preparing the specimen is also an important aspect of testing as both ends of the specimen should have ample length so as to be properly gripped during loading. There is specific gauge length that is standardized and is directly related to the diameter of the round specimen. The testing machine also comes in various combinations with simple screw driven machines to hydraulically actuated machines. Modern machines also have a computer generated feedback which displays all the required information on our screen. After preparing the specimen it is loaded onto the UTM machine and loaded according to a specific gradual extension rate till the specimen breaks. (Gere and Timoshenko, 2004) The outputs results from the range of stress that the specimen goes through during the process of loading till its breakage gives us valuable information regarding the yield strength, allowable stress and Young’s Modulus of the material. The uniform plastic deformation continues till the specimen starts to experience necking which gives the ultimate tensile strength. On further increase of loading non-uniform plastic deformation starts. This progresses till a point of fracture which gives the fracture strength of the specimen. (Gere and Timoshenko, 2004) Specimen 1 (aluminum) and specimen 2 (brass) showed lower

Factors Associated With Work Satisfaction of Registered Nurses Assignment

Factors Associated With Work Satisfaction of Registered Nurses - Assignment Example The authors have taken special efforts to document the most recent studies in the literature review. The literature review consists of recent references. As the article was published in 2006, it can be observed that of the 49 sources used in the article 42 belong to the last 10 years (from 1996-2006) whereas 19 of them are from the last five years (from 2001-2005). Certain contradictions in the findings of the literature such as the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction have also been pointed out. However, the researchers have failed to provide a detailed description of the previous studies. Even though the researchers have referenced the major findings conducted by the previous researchers in the literature review, details such as the research designs, methods, and samplings have not been included in the literature review. A considerable number of authors have been cited in the literature; however, the readers fail to grasp the nature and depth of the resea rches undertaken by them. However, it can be seen that the researchers have concisely summarized their review of the literature to reveal what is known and what is unknown regarding RNs’ work satisfaction. The lack of theoretical framework and differences in demographic characteristics has also been taken into account. Framework/Theoretical Perspective Critically analyzing the article it can be observed that no framework (theoretical model or theory) is explicitly expressed by the researchers in the introduction or the literature review.... on many factors (for instance, the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction) has contributed to the significance of this paper. Literature Review The authors have taken special efforts to document the most recent studies in the literature review. The literature review consists of recent references. As the article was published in 2006, it can be observed that of the 49 sources used in the article 42 belong to the last 10 years (from 1996-2006) whereas 19 of them are from the last five years (from 2001-2005). Certain contradictions in the findings of the literature such as the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction have also been pointed out. However, the researchers have failed to provide a detailed description of the previous studies. Even though the researchers have referenced the major findings conducted by the previous researchers in the literature review, details such as the research designs, methods, and samplings have not been in cluded in the literature review. A considerable number of authors have been cited in the literature; however, the readers fail to grasp the nature and depth of the researches undertaken by them. However, it can be seen that the researchers have concisely summarized their review of the literature to reveal what is known and what is unknown regarding RNs’ work satisfaction. The lack of theoretical framework and differences in demographic characteristics has also been taken into account. Framework/Theoretical Perspective Critically analyzing the article it can be observed that no framework (theoretical model or theory) is explicitly expressed by the researchers in the introduction or the literature review. However, the authors make it clear that their research is based on a theoretical

Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Essay Psychotherapy is a process with which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient deal with his/her psychological difficulties in a more positive way which in turn would lessen the difficulty of psychological problem (Morris Maisto, 2003). Not all people with psychological problems seek psychotherapy but those who do out of their own volition are more likely to be successful in therapy. However, there are psychological disorders that needs more than psychotherapy and often would require hospitalization, of which treatment would be more of helping the patient regain his/her ability to function normally without the need for primary care and hospitalization, although medication and psychotherapy has to be continued as a long-term treatment. Different methods of psychotherapy have been loosely categorized into insight therapies and behavioral therapies. Insight therapies is composed of several methods wit different perspectives on psychological difficulties but share the same rationale that man would be more able to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is more able to understand why he/she feels, thinks and behaves in such ways (Nairne, 2006). This group assumes that a person develops emotional, mental and relationship problems if he/she does not know and understand what motivate him/her in situations that are anxiety producing, conflicting and threatening. Specific approaches that belong to this group include psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, person-centered and existential therapy. One may also argue that insight therapy is geared towards man’s need to be aware of his/her inner self, hence the so called insight to human motivation, emotion, desires, needs and thoughts. On the other hand, the behavioral therapies are made up of cognitive behavioral therapies, rational-emotive behavior therapy, and behavior therapy with the application of conditioning and modeling, and biofeedback. This other group at the opposite continuum from insight therapy says that a person can be able to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is given the means with which to modify his/her behavior. Thus, therapy would be focused on teaching patients specific behaviors that would enable them to cope and deal with their psychological problems, this type of therapy are more concerned with treating symptoms than finding out the underlying cause of the problem. The difference between insight and behavioral therapy is that insight therapy is concerned with identifying and understanding the underlying cause of their problems while behavioral therapy contend that causes are not important but rather therapy should be concentrated on modifying behavior (Nairne, 2006). Like the nature and nurture debate, it has now been agreed that not one perspective can be accounted for the success of the therapy sessions, but rather some cases require that the underlying cause be unearthed while other cases can be resolved without the need for determining the cause of the problems. It can be assumed that the need for discovering the causes of the psychological problem lies in its usefulness to the therapeutic process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The therapeutic process of whatever tradition or perspective always require that the therapist and client share a relationship characterized by trust, openness, honesty and the absence of bias and criticisms (Myers, 2004). It can be argued that within this form of relationship, the client is bound to share with his/her therapist his/her life story and inner most thoughts which would also lead to the therapists better understanding of the client’s predicaments and   issues. The need to find out the cause of problematic behavior depends on the clients honesty and the therapists personal philosophy, if for example a person who is suffering from clinical depression is in therapy using the psychoanalytic approach, then the objective would be to find out the previous experiences that would indicate the patients predisposition to depression and hence be able to identify the cause of the depression. To the psychoanalyst, it is always something in the past or in the childhood or traumatic events that cause the depression, a recent event may only be the trigger (Myers, 2004). To the behaviorist, therapy would be geared towards the change in behavior that would lessen the impact of depressive emotions and thoughts, like the patient is taught ways in which he/she could take off from depressing situations, to move away from the place or source of depression and to teach methods to eliminate the depression through coaching and goal setting (Myers, 2004). However, behaviorists have also discovered that merely changing the behavior is not enough to treat the patient or to effectively prevent the recurrence of depressive symptoms just because the patient knows how to express his/her emotions, thus the need for finding the cause of the depression. If the cause of depression is a recent divorce, then the therapist can use this information to guide the behavior modification strategies that he/she uses. Like specifically providing the patient with statistics and studies of how depression after a divorce is very common and how other people have come out of that depression. To the psychoanalyst, depression brought about by the divorce could come from a deeper personal traumatic experience like being left by a parent or having to lose someone tragically. Thus, the cause is actually the difficulty of the patient to respond to the sense of loss that one feels after a divorce. If the objective of the therapy was to remove the patient from a state of depression, then behavior therapy has no need for the underlying cause, but if the therapy is to enable the patient to recognize his/her emotional wounds and to be aware means that one is more able to positively deal with it, then the cause of the depression is very important. References Morris, C. Maisto, A. (2003). Understanding Psychology, 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Myers, D. (2004).   Psychology 7th ed.    New York: Worth Publishers. Nairne, J. (2006). Psychology: The Adaptive Mind. California: Wadsworth/Thompson. Discussion Topic 2: Client-centered therapy developed in the late 1940’s by Carl Rogers is based on the assumption that the individual is the best expert on himself or herself and that people are capable of working out solutions to their own problems (Corey, 2005). The task of the therapist is to facilitate this progress not to ask probing questions, to make interpretations or to suggest courses of actions. In fact, Rogers (1980) preferred the term facilitator to therapist and he called the people he worked with as clients not as patients because he did not view emotional difficulties as an indication of an illness to be cured. The therapist facilitates the client’s progress towards self-insight by restating to the client what the therapist hears the client saying about his needs and emotions in order to help the client clarify his/her feelings. Rogers believed that the most important qualities for a therapist are empathy, warmth and genuineness. Empathy refers to the ability to understand the feelings the client is trying to express and the ability to communicate this understanding to the client. The therapist must adopt the client’s frame of reference and must strive to see the problems as the client sees them. By warmth, Rogers (1980) meant a deep acceptance of the individual as he or she is, including the conviction that this person has the capacity to deal constructively with his/her problems. A therapist who is genuine is open and honest and does not play a role or operate behind a professional faà §ade (Sue Sue, 2003). People are reluctant to reveal themselves to those they perceive as phony. Rogers believed that a therapist who possesses this attributes will facilitate the client’s growth and self-exploration. Rogers was the first to make tape recordings of therapy sessions and to permit them to be studied and analyzed. He and his colleagues have contributed much to the field of psychotherapy research. Client centered therapy has some limitations, like psychoanalysis it appears to be successful with individuals who are fairly verbal and who are motivated to discuss their problems. For people who do not voluntarily seek help or who are seriously disturbed and are unable to discuss their feelings more directive methods are usually necessary. In addition, by using the client’s self-reports as the only measure pf psychotherapeutic effectiveness, the client-centered therapist ignores behavior outside of the therapy session. Individuals who feel insecure and ineffective in their interpersonal relationships often need more structured help in modifying their behavior. Since Freud’s time, numerous forms of psychotherapy based on Freudian concepts have developed. They share in common the premise that mental disorders stem from unconscious conflicts and fears but they differ from classical psychoanalysis in a number of ways and are usually called psychoanalytic therapies (Corey, 2005). Ego analysts placed greater emphasis on the role of the rational, problem soling ego in directing behavior and correspondingly less emphasis on the role of the unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. They sought to strengthen the functions of the ego in particular self-esteem and feelings of competency so that the individual could deal more constructively with current anxieties and interpersonal relationships. Their general strategy was to give the client insight into how the past continues to influence the present and to develop the client’s awareness of what he/she can do in the present to correct the harmful effects of the past. The technique of psychoanalytic therapy is also different from the classical free association and dream analysis. The therapy sessions are usually briefer, more flexible and less intense (Sue Sue, 2003). Sessions are scheduled once a week, there is less emphasis on the complete reconstruction of childhood experiences and more attention to problems arising from the way the individual is currently interacting with others. Free association is often replaced with a direct discussion of critical issues and the psychoanalytic therapist may be more direct, raising pertinent topics when it seems appropriate rather than waiting for the client to bring them up. While transference is still considered an important part of the therapeutic process, the therapist may limit the intensity of the transference feelings. Still central however is the psychoanalytic therapist’s conviction that unconscious motives and fears are at the core of the most emotional problems and that insight and the working through process are essential to a cure. Almost everyone gets depressed at times. Most of us have periods when we feel sad, lethargic and not interested in any activities-even pleasurable ones. Depression is a normal response to many of life’s stresses. Among the situations that most often precipitate depression are failure at school, or at work, the loss of a loved one and the realization that illness or aging is depleting one’s resources. Depression is considered abnormal only when it is out of proportion to the event and continues past the point at which most people begin to recover. Although depression is characterized as a mood disorder, there are actually four sets of symptoms; there are emotional cognitive, motivational and physical symptoms (Myers, 2004). An individual need not have all of these symptoms to be diagnosed as depressed but the more symptoms the patient has or the more intense they are the more certain we can be that the individual is suffering from depression. Sadness and dejection are the most salient emotional symptoms in depression. The individual feels hopeless and unhappy, often has crying spells and may contemplate suicide. The cognitive symptoms consist primarily of negative thoughts; depressed individuals tend to have low self-esteem, feel inadequate and blame themselves for their failures. Motivation is at low ebb in depression, the depressed person tends to be passive and has difficulty initiating activities. The physical symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue and loss of energy. The client-centered therapist in the treatment of depression would be limited to communicating to the client that he/she is accepted for whatever thoughts, emotions, lack of motivation and physical state he/she is at the moment as a person worthy to be heard and assured of unconditional positive regard. The client-centered therapist involves the client in a sharing of his/her thoughts without the prodding and the leading but through the use of paraphrasing. With this method, the client is able to recognize what are the emotional, mental, motivational and physical symptoms he/she is experiencing. This would enable the client to become aware and recognize that his/her emotional reactions may be too intense, his/her self-esteem may be too low for his/her good, and that his/her body may be suffering from his/her own slavery to depression. The sessions would be geared towards the client’s discovery of his/her symptoms and in the process also realize how futile his/her actions are and that the therapist’s empathy, warmth and genuiness tells the client that here is someone who will accept me for what I am and that he/she should strive to come out of depression because someone do sincerely care for them. This example is what Roger’s believed to be the facilitation of healing and self-awareness in the part of the client. The psychoanalytic therapist interprets depression as a reaction to loss, whatever the nature of the loss maybe. The depressed person reacts to the loss intensely because it brings back all the fears of an earlier loss at childhood. Moreover, the reaction to loss is complicated by the person’s anger at the deserting person which comes out as self-blame and feelings of worthlessness. The psychoanalytic therapist also believes that the depressed person has very low self-esteem and self-worth. Thus, the therapist engages the client in a discussion of his/her current emotions, thoughts and internal conflicts. This can be done through the use of probing and leading questions which ask the client to describe or talk about his/her feelings at the moment. From then on, the therapist would observe and take note of the emotions and thoughts of the patient and have the client look back at his/her past experiences that had evoked the same feeling and thoughts he/she is having at present. The client is also asked to identify what triggered that emotion and then have the client realize that he/she is exhibiting behaviors that are similar to that of a depressed person. Sometimes people who are depressed do not admit that they are depressed, and this is where the therapist must focus on for it is necessary for the success of the therapy. When the previous experience has been identified, the therapist then proceeds to help the client accept what occurred in the past and that the client can now face the present with a deeper understanding of his/her own emotions. References Corey, G. (2005).   Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy 7th   ed.   California: Thomson Learning (Brooks/Cole). Myers, D. (2004).   Psychology 7th ed.    New York: Worth Publishers. Rogers, C. (1980). A Way of Being.   Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Sue, D. W. Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice 4th ed. New York: Wiley.