Network Attached Storage Devices

If you have multiple computers on your network, you're a candidate for a network-attached storage (NAS) device. Some NAS servers simply act as a shared volume for backing up and sharing files across your network, while others can do a lot more, such as sharing a printer among your networked PCs, acting as a media streamer or even a surveillance system by supporting IP cameras. You'll find NAS devices with a single drive and those with multiple drives that allow for greater data protection and higher capacities. Here are two examples of some of the best rated network-attached storage devices available: Synology Disk Station DS412+ is four-bay NAS (network-attached storage) server in a way is the follow-up to the award-winning DS410 that was released more than two years ago, and makes an excellent upgrade. It now offers an excellent drive bay design, much faster speeds, support for USB 3. 0, and a lot more. Running the Disk Station Manager (DSM) 4. 0 operating system — and upgradable to future versions, such as the upcoming DSM 4. — the new server offers a vast number of features with a stellar Web interface that operates much like a native operating system. Each of its four drive bays comes with a tray that you can easily pull out. After that, you'll need a standard screwdriver to attach or detach a standard SATA hard drive. The server supports both 2. 5-inch (laptop) and 3. 5-inch (desktop) hard drives, of any capacities. This means with all four bays occupied by 4TB hard drives — the top capacity of 3. -inch hard drives to date — the server offers up to 16TB in RAID 0 or 12TB in RAID 5. RAID 0 is optimized for top performance and capacity. RAID 5, which is the most popular RAID setup for multiple-drive-bay NAS servers, balances performance and storage space while still guarding data against a single-hard-drive failure. The bottom line: Synology DiskStation DS412+ makes an excellent NAS server for advanced home and small-office networks. The Synology DiskStation DS712+ : The new dual-bay server is now much faster and much better designed, supports up to 16 IP cameras, and can be scaled to up to seven hard drive bays, when coupled with a DX510 Disk Station Expansion Unit (not included), for a maximum 21TB of total storage space. The DS712+, however, also shares a few minor shortcomings with other Synology servers. These include the overly simplistic desktop setup utility, called Synology Assistant, and the primitive Data Replicator backup software. The server also comes with only one IP camera license, meaning you'll have to pay more if you want to use two cameras or more for a surveillance system. The DS712+ supports both desktop (3. 5-inch) and laptop (2. 5-inch) standard SATA hard drives, of any capacities. Out of the box, the dual-bay server can host only two hard drives, but it comes with an eSATA port that works with Sinology's DX510 DiskStation Expansion Unit to host another five drives. It also has three USB ports, two on the back and one on the front. These ports can be used to host more external storage devices or printers. The front USB port can also be used to quickly back up the entire contents of a USB storage device, such as a thumbdrive, via the quick-copy button right above the port. Unfortunately, none of these USB ports supports USB 3. 0 standard. While this is not an end-of-the-world shortcoming, it's rather disappointing considering that USB 3. 0 has been out for a long time, and other lower-end NAS servers, such as the Netgear ReadyNAS NV+ v2, already support it. The bottom line: The Disk Station DS712+ is one of the best dual-bay NAS servers on the market, for both home and office environments. It's also one of the few that offer storage scalability for those who want to start small and add more capacity later. In conclusion, after researching NAS, they basically come in all sizes, based on what your uses are for, from picture/music sharing with family to file backup, that can be accessed from any computer, but logging on to your drive.

Language Autobiography Essay

Being a girl of a mixed ethnic background, you can imagine the diversity of language used across my family. The dialects and accents have a wide variety as my family are spread all across the globe. My mother carol is British born and bred in the Essex country side. Whereas my father ahmed is, half Lebanese and half Palestinian. My mum’s first language is English and she speaks in standard English, this could be because of her profession as a nurse has an influence on her speech and it wouldn’t be professional of her to constantly use colloquial language. My father’s first language is Arabic, the Palestinian dialect Arabic. There are so many dialects of Arabic sometimes it seems like it’s a completely different language! He can also speak French as fluent as he can Arabic because French is also a main language in Lebanon. he is also fluent in English, but he has an Arab accent. My father lives in Lebanon so his dialect of Arabic has changed to the Lebanese dialect because of his surroundings but he still has a twang of the Palestinian dialect. The main languages in my family are English and Arabic, but there are so many dialects, such as Egyptian, Jordanian, Emirati, Lebanese, Moroccan, Saudi Arabian, Syrian Arabic and Essex accents, Dorset accent, Scottish accent, American accent, Australian accent. This is just the start of the variety of language in my family! So you’re probably thinking, what is my first language? Well, I was born in the United Arab Emirates in the Emirate of Dubai. Yes, I think it too†¦ why did I immigrate to sunny England? Growing up in Dubai my first language was English because my mother’s Arabic was very basic; however I was fluent in Arabic and could also speak some Tagalog as I was brought up with a Pilipino nanny, Lily. I immigrated to England when I was about 4 or 5 years old, I was constantly speaking English. I remember some of my mum’s friends telling me I had a slight American accent. But my accent quickly changed because of influences around me in school. My surname is Said, but it’s pronounced â€Å"Syed† and I remember reading the Biff and Chip books in my first school and saying â€Å"and Chip Syed this†. My teacher found it highly amusing! Ever since I moved to England, over the years I slowly forgot how to speak Arabic as I got out of the habit of speaking in Arabic often. Now I only know greetings and little phrases in Arabic. Trying to learn Arabic again was extremely difficult because I’m so used to the rules in the English language such as the â€Å"Ough† sound. Being so used to certain rules really affects trying to learn a new language, especially Arabic. Learning Arabic was very different to English and the Arabic alphabet has more letters than the English alphabet, which include sounds as well as letters. Also not every word in Arabic can be translated perfectly into English, and there is no word in the English language for it. Sometimes it’s hard to get a near enough definition of the word without meaning something else. Also in Arabic they can have one word which in the English language translates to a group of words or a sentence. From my experiencing of learning Arabic again I have noticed that the language is very cultural and influence by religion, for example a lot of words or phrases refer to god (Allah). However not just Muslims and religious people use these words, these words are used by all Arabic speakers. In the Spanish language I realized a difference in tenses. In English there are only three tenses, present, past and the future. Whereas in the Spanish language there are many more. This makes its complicated and more difficult to learn as realistically there is only 3 tenses, and it’s hard to picture other tenses. I would describe my accent as a southern English accent. My cousins who live in Essex say that I have a â€Å"brightonian† accent, is there such thing? According to my cousins, people from Brighton raise their tone at the end of every sentence like they are constantly asking questions. I can’t notice myself doing it or other people doing it around me. The way I talk changes depending on the context. For example, when I’m with my friends I use a large amount of colloquial language. Whereas when I’m with my mum or teachers I would not use this language, I would talk in a more Standard English way. Having a lot of friends from an ethnic community, I’ve learnt a lot of slang and colloquial words. Even though these friends are from an Arabic background, I would never talk to my family in the Middle East in this way. I think I change the way I speak to different people, depending on who it is to make a good impression and to make my language appropriate to the situation. The different use of language always comes back to the context its used in.

Bottled Mineral Water Industry

Bottled Mineral Water Industry Drinking water is the most important need of life. The drinking-water needs for human beings vary according to the climatic conditions, body structure. For an average consumer, the body needs around 2 to 4 liters of water every day. The increasing number of cases of water borne diseases, water pollution, urbanization, shortage of pure and safe water etc. has added to the phenomenal growth of the industry. Unavailability or shortage of drinking water at public places has also added to the growth of the bottled mineral water industry. https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ-hMDAxvtyGgM9RYPtFwODPCj7vnFqzHgt-4ToWgRUursv0QPQ OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY In India, more than 100 companies manufacture and sell about 450 million liters of packaged drinking water worth Rs. 250 crores annually. The tradition of packaged drinking water started decades back. In the West, the trend of packaged water started in 1950s. Thus the trend of mineral water consumption flourished in the market. Depending on various factors like the temperature, the location, the altitude, and the climatic conditions, water can be used to cure various ailments. This started the trend of manufacturing mineral water for drinking purposes to utilize this property of the liquid. The trend gained momentum in 1970s and since then large quantities of packaged water from mineral springs were used in the European nations. Bottled mineral water has been prevalent in western countries due to presence of higher health conscious people and higher awareness of sanitation. People preferred to drink boiled water or filtered purified water to prevent them from contracting any water borne diseases or ailments. In India, exposure to western and European life styles and culture, poor levels and quality of drinking water, increasing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing awareness about health and hygiene and other related factors led to consumption of mineral water. The market has not looked back ever since then and has grown significantly to a great extent. VARIOUS BRANDS IN THE INDUSTRY BISLERI COMPANY: Parle Bisleri Pvt. Ltd. COMPANY BACKGROUND: Parle Bisleri Pvt. Ltd is the biggest player in packaged drinking water business in India. The company sold off the Thumps Up and Gold Spot brands to Coca-Cola India in the early 1990s. Since then, the company has focused only on packaged bottled water in India. The company changed its slogan to â€Å"Play Safe† from â€Å"Pure and Safe†, since many small competitors tried to emulate the look of the company’s brands. Parle Bisleri Pvt. ltd. is credited with building the use of bulk packaged mineral water in India through the introduction of 20-litre jar packaging. The company developed consumer-friendly packaging for the 20-litre jars by adding threaded fittings and valve caps, as opposed to other brands that feature snap-on fittings. These innovations facilitated easier flow of water from the jar pack. HISTO RY OF THE BRAND: BISLERI originated in Italy and the brand owes its name to its founder MR.FELICE BISLERI. In 1967, BISLERI set up its plant in Bombay for bottling and marketing actual mineral water, which was not so fruitful initiative. By 1969, BISLERI wanted to shut down its business and to help Mr. Bisleri out, Mr. Chauhan bought the company, with an intention to turn it into a soda/soft drinks brand. Since then it has not looked back and has come a long way. Now, it owns a significantly high percentage of shares in the Indian market and also has spread widely on the International front.

Cons of Auto Bailout Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cons of Auto Bailout - Article Example Consequently, that will implement fewer brands and dealers; along with that the taxpayers are bound fund failure. Also, an auto bailout only considers saving a single industry thus, the money may eventually go down the drain without having a chance on having a stronger and leaner industry otherwise. One of the major disadvantages of an auto bailout is that oil crisis would still be looming overhead, fuel would still go up. Hence, expensive cars like SUVs wouldn't sell as they call for more costly automobile fuels. Taking into account that the Big Three were already losing share of the market due to soaring costs, unimaginative designs and image problems an auto bailout surely cannot be of any help. Therefore, an auto bailout is not a practicle answer to the automotive industry as they will probably continue to produce hybrid or electric automobiles to get ahead in the comptetion which will not be advantagious in the long run.

Preview of movie door to door Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preview of door to door - Movie Review Example During the 1950s, it was considered next to impossible for a person with Porter’s type of disability to gain respect, much less any kind of meaningful employment. During this period, Porter is continuously told that he has no employable skills or talents and would not be beneficial to any companies. Finally, in 1955, Porter does land a job with The Watkins Company as a door-to-door salesperson. At first, Porter has significant difficulty making any kind of sales, experiencing a never-ending flood of slammed doors from customers who are either not interested in his products or find his disability frightening or distasteful. In his early salesperson efforts, Porter even meets with aggressive dogs that continue to frustrate his efforts. Finally, Porter makes his first sale with an isolated and socially withdrawn alcoholic woman by the name of Gladys, who is played by Kathy Baker. Despite her isolationism and somewhat eccentric attitude, Gladys eventually becomes Porter’s b est customer and friend. The first sale made with Baker’s character gives Porter even more determination to continue as a door-to-door salesperson despite the significant problems he has just trying to walk.

Conduct and interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conduct and interview - Essay Example Women have always gotten very minimal opportunities to be involved in working in heavy industrial areas as this position is seen to mainly suit the men. Apparently, there are also very few women expertise involved in the same sector due to the perception that this is a male dominated area. In most instances, women will only be given the minor positions in such industrial areas and even the pay is seen to be less. The perception being that, it is just a favor for such women to be in such areas of expertise otherwise they are very vulnerable. Currently, there is an expert woman in chemical engineering who filed a complaint over not being given an equal opportunity in an interview for a position. This is still an evidence of some job areas being considered womanly or manly and thus the reason to this interview is of high value in order to understand gender issues at work places. Description of the interview This interview was conducted on the twenty ninth of March, 2013. The interview w as conducted at Shed Pharmaceuticals Company. It was only possible to carry out the interview after consulting with the senior human resource person in this company. I was given one of the offices that belong to the chief pharmacist as it offered more privacy and the interviewee also needed to be in a more comfortable situation without any distractions that would impede getting the correct information from the employee (Barret, 2006). The interviewee was a thirty eight year old at the highlight of her work career. Her name is Joan and she has two children one at age twelve, while the last born at age seven years. She lives as a single mother and thus she has to take care of her family needs which include providing education, food and shelter for the children. I particularly chose this interviewee because of the nature of position that she has in this company. She is one of the senior analysts of the pharmaceutical products that are produced in the company. She went through so much i n order to get to this position; therefore, she can tell best what some of the challenges are as a woman she has gone through during the highlight of her career. She is also the only woman in a team of five senior analysts and thus, it is what comes from her experience from working in a team of men whereby she is the only woman. Joan is also one the most convenient individual to contact for the interview as she has been in such a position under gender disparity in work places. More so, her area of specialization has always been perceived to be a male dominated area. Therefore, she is the most ideal individual for this type of interview. Summary of responses to the questions The ten questions were divided into three basic areas. Therefore, the summary will give a summary of the ten questions into the questions with the same agenda being made into one. One compacted questions during the interview process was based on opportunities given to women to express themselves and get a positio n in an interview. The main ideas under these questions involve the concept that women should be given even an upper hand during interviews especially in a situation that there are less women vying for the same position. I linked this to the notion that, less women are found in such areas of expertise and thus they should stand even better positions for positions like what Joan possessed. Her response According to Joan, yes

Panera Bread business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Panera Bread business strategy - Essay Example Being the first to apply latest information technologies, while keeping in mind consumer perception and demand also defines the overall business of organizations. Many economic characteristics define a high technology industry. These are the overall technology consumption of a nation’s economy. It is seen that brand loyalty is less in developed countries compared to new emerging countries. Product life is also a factor which varies in different economies. Answer 2 Apple Inc. has placed itself in a premium position in the consumer electronics market. Most of its products are placed as premium and high priced owing to its superior technology and unique designs. As a result of its successes including the iPods, Apple Inc. has been able to increase its market share in United States as well as other parts of the globe. The competition in Apple Inc. can be understood through Porter’s five forces model analysis. Suppliers- the bargaining power of suppliers is low as Apple Inc. does not have too many suppliers in order to leverage the benefit. Music labels have started giving pressures to the company which might result in high cost Buyer- Those who are loyal to Apple Inc. do not see the price tag. To attract the rest of the segment, Apple Inc. will have to make strategies. Substitute products- Threat from substitute products is high. E-books and other reading gadgets such as Kindle and Nook, substitute models throughout tablet, PC and phone industry are making customer decision making difficult (Corrocher & Zirulia, 2010). New Entrants- Threat from new entrants is high. Threat from low PC and phone manufacturers is low as Apple Inc. has a niche set of customer with more specific demands. However, existing competitors have started making close copies of Apple Inc. products increase overall competition for Apple Inc. Rivalry among Sellers- Rivalry among sellers is the highest. Apple Inc. operates in multiple industries thus it has multiple competitors which results in fierce battles. While Apple Inc. is outright leader in tables and has a strong position in personal media, it faces stiff competition in the PC and smartphone category. Overall strength of competition in video game consoles can be considered as fierce. The gaming industry is filled with intense competitors like Sony, Xbox etc. though Apple Inc. has launched its own brand of gaming console, owing to its high price it is has still a long way to go in terms of market leadership. Answer 3 Business crisis The recent meltdown of major financial institutions and process is causing us all pain, and finally forcing change. Maybe we haven’t seen the results yet, but there are thousands of startup opportunities to offer new products and services, to replace those in crisis Global instability Unpredictable forces such as bubble bust, Middle East crisis can have a quick impact on cost or critical product’s availability. Riots and shutdown in various regions may also for ce Apple Inc. to change its strategies in these affected areas. Lack of effective coalition with government may also lead to change of strategies in Apple Inc. Organizational restructuring After the death of Steve Jobs, Apple Inc. has been though a lot of restructuring in the organization. With the appointment of new CEO, changes were likely to occur. This caused both positive as well as negative responses. It can be seen that these changes are making the competition more intense. Even though Apple Inc.

Internship Report - Agency operator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internship Report - Agency operator - Essay Example This paper highlights the focus on a new area of UK, where there is no activity for AVIS auto rental. Further into the paper, it discusses the product design which will be useful to cater to the needs of the consumers of Oxford Street and generate revenues for the company. It then proceeds to focus on focus on the basic 4P’s of marketing – Product, Place, Promotion and Price. An effective pricing is very important in this case. There are multiple numbers of competitors that are buzzing around in UK, and have the potential to pick the same spot as a battlefield. So fixing a highly competitive and affordable price to occupy the share of minds amongst the consumers and high brand recall is very brilliant. The paper, further down the line, also focuses on ways and means to market the route and location of the service in order to make the consumers aware of its offerings. It also brings into focus the possible staffing of employees to maintain an efficient manpower base. And finally, it also discusses the operational details and aspects that are required and considered vital for the efficient delivery of the product. Contents Executive Summary 2 Market Overview 4 About the Company 4 Designing of the Product 5 Marketing Strategy 5 Product 5 Place 6 Promotion 6 ... Car Rental is a very profitable and popular business in the UK and western markets, as people with increasingly high disposable income and the ability to purchases the rental services are growing in number every year. The car rental industry is basically categorized on the basis of either location or by the type of customer availing the service (Researchandmarkets, 2010). The recent times have been a little challenging for the business of car rental in the UK. As per reports by various UK based market research agencies, the car rental industry suffered a setback during the year 2009 and the setback continued till then. The reason being is simple. Ever since the global economy went into a credit crunch, which was triggered by the collapse of the famed Lehmann Brothers, the spending on rental services worldwide took a hit. As a part of the picture, UK’s car rental agencies also suffered to some extent during that time. Around the year 2009, people all over the globe preferred to check their spending habits and preferred to save their finances instead of spending and splurging by going on holidays, tours or romantic getaways to foreign countries. This change in global consumer behavior shrank the profit margin for the car rental companies as there has been a significant decline in the amount of revenue that was being generated by providing rental services to the middle class tourists coming from various locations across the globe. Also, the recent slowdown due to the Euro crisis in the west has also brought in a significant change in customer’s preference. The customers whether organizational or private individual are looking for cost effective and flexibility in services provided (The Institute of Transport

Goldman Sachs Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goldman Sachs Group - Essay Example Goldman Sachs emerged in 1869 when founder Marcus Goldman founded the company; his son-in-law Samuel Sachs would join the organization in 1885, giving the company its modern moniker. In this early incarnation, the company primarily functioned as a commercial paper manufacturer for entrepreneurs. They were highly successful and joined the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1896 (Lindskoog). In the early 20th century the company moved into the financial market, a path that would come to characterize the organization. Their first substantial contributions to this market were in terms of managing initial public offerings (IPOs). For instance, they managed the Sears, Roebuck and Company IPO in 1906 (Lindskoog). At the time this was the largest market IPO that had occurred on the NYSE. The next great shift in the company occurred in 1930 when Stanley Weinberg joined the organization. Weinberg’s major contribution was shifting the company emphasis from trading and more into the field of investment banking. While Goldman had suffered a hit in reputation during the 1929 stock market crash, Weinberg had worked to restore much of the company’s brand. One considers a similar parallel with the 2008 economic recession (Lindskoog). ... In 1990 future Treasury Secretary under the Clinton administration Robert Rubin joined the firm. In 1994 he would leave and Jon Corzine would assume leadership; Corzine was proceeded by Henry Paulson, another former Treasury Secretary (Lindskoog). In 1999 the company issued its own IPO, releasing 48% of its stock publicly. Still, the most notable elements of the company occurred in the 2007-2008 subprime mortgage crisis. During this period the company profited on the collapse in subprime mortgages by short-selling subprime mortgage backed securities; this garnered significant questions of ethics (McGee). Still, the company experienced significant financial hardship during the recession and received over $10 billion in government bailout (McGee). The company has a large variety of financial products and services. In its contemporary incarnation the company has three main divisions: investment banking, asset management and securities services, and trading and principal investments (Coh an). The investment banking division involves financial advising; such practices include mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, and avoiding hostile. They also participate in underwriting public offering and private placements of equity. Another division is asset management and securities service. The asset management division offers investment advice and financial planning (Cohan). The securities service includes clearing, financing, custody, and securities lending. The third division is the trading and principal investment division. This is understood as the most developed of the organization’s divisions and operates as the organization’s greatest source of profit (Cohan). This division is divided into the further subsections of fixed income, currency,

Curricula of ACARA and VELS in LOTE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curricula of ACARA and VELS in LOTE - Essay Example LOTE is a subject of languages other than English, taught to students based on the designed curriculum of ACARA and VELS (Amery, 2000). Curriculum of both these systems for LOTE has some basic similarities and differences. Part A: Focus Answer: 2) ACARA and VELS’ curricula for LOTE subject seem to focus on the development of students’ skills in terms of additional knowledge about different language. Along with the vision, focused content does also have some similarities as both curricula have divided languages into categories, namely Aboriginal languages, Roman alphabetical language, Non-Roman alphabetical languages, Character languages, Sign language, and Classical languages (VELS, 2009). These six types of languages are offered in VELS systems, while ACARA curriculum offers Australian languages, world languages, classical languages, and Australian sign language. Answer: 3) VELS and ACARA curricula are closely related to each other in LOTE domain as both these learning curricula focus on preparing students for later years, by teaching some international languages and keep on enhancing their language skills with passing years. This focus is made believing that learning different languages can foster reflective, profound, and critical thinking in particular manners (VELS, 2009). It is noticeable that with the designed curricula students have to learn these languages for some years, which polish their language skills and even if they do not want to continue in the future. They would have sufficient knowledge to communicate successfully in professional grounds particularly in global organizations, where workforce belongs to diverse ethnic backgrounds (Robertson, 2012). Part B: Messages Answer: 1) VELS curricula include an aspect of history in this domain as the professional working to teach students different languages along with the knowledge of history, geography and shopping aspects of the language spoken in particular regions (VELS, 2007). VELS c urriculum offers a wide range of voices and settings to strengthen written and oral language skills; students are given opportunities to refer to simple history, stories, legends, rhymes, and songs of different language. Also, students following VELS curriculum are encouraged to discover other specific features, natures and tools of the languages. On the other hand, ACARA curriculum also offers similar opportunities with some distinct attributes such as in the ACARA system vocabulary and grammar are highly focused on with a great variety of information through print and electronic sources (ACARA, 2011). Unlike VELS, this curriculum does not simply help students learn about different languages and their cultural belongings, but ACARA also focuses on providing knowledge about values and laws differing from culture to culture (ACARA, 2011). Answer: 6) Both these curricula explicitly highlight the importance of learning

Wuthering Heights Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights Essay The main thematic element of the famous novels Wuthering Heights and Frankenstein are inserted in a certain context, under a revenge and betrayal bias, which are ultimately the main triggers of the dramatic action. There are similar scenes in both novels firstly the way Heathcliff gets exploited by Hindley in similar how Victor abandons his ‘son’. They both had emotional experiences that triggered their desire for revenge. In Wuthering heights when Catherine declares she is going to get married to Edgar, Heathcliff’s plan for vengeance on Edgar and Catherine is to marry Isabella, ‘I love him more than ever you loved Edgar. This clearly suggests Isabella is ignorant of love and of men because she has never experienced either. Heathcliff wants to hurt Edgar because of his marriage to Catherine, also wants to get revenge on Catherine by making her jealous. This is similar to Frankenstein because the monster takes its revenge by killing Victor’s new wife because Victor refuses to make another companion for the monster because he believes it could be disastrous to make another monster like him. The monster becomes more furious and says to Victor, ‘I shall be with on your wedding night. ’ So he kills Elizabeth, for not making a companion for the monster.

Ethnic Group Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Group Essay In this essay, I write about ethnic group and why we cannot define an ethnic group by their cultural elements such as language, religion, customs and so on. I write this essay because there is a question about why we cannot define an ethnic group by their culture, whereas culture are one elements of an ethnic. There is problem of seeing ethnic groups as cultural groups; â€Å"the mere fact that two groups of people are of different culture does not necessarily imply – as has nearly always been assumed – that they belong to two quite different social systems (Leach 1954: 17), â€Å"Someone is Lue by virtue of believing and calling himself Lue and of acting in ways that validate his Lueness† (Moerman, 1965:1219), First of all, I want to tell what is ethnic group. Before ethnic groups, anthropologies who study colonial subject and society called society they studied as ‘tribe’ and people they studied as â€Å"tribal people†. The word â€Å"tribe† was replaced by the word â€Å"ethnic groups† by the 1960s because; a tribal society is not as isolated as being assumed, tribal societies interact with one another, and the word tribe reflects Eurocentric views, a sharp qualitative distinction between ourselves and the people we study. There is a problem when we seeing ethnic groups as cultural groups because there will be a different in their practice. For an example, ethnic Java Banyumasan or Banyumas at Indonesia with Orang Jawa of Malaysia. Basically, they are an specific ethnic. But due to geographical differences for example, they have different practice, language, religion and others. In the field of demography, we can see Jawa Banyumasan usually live in the southwest of Central Java. Technically, Jawa Banyumasan is one of the subgroups of the Jawa people groups, but they have their own cultural variations which differ from other Jawa peoples. While The Orang Jawa, (Jawa of Malaysia) has migrated from Central Java, where the same place of Jawa Banyumasan, to Malaysia. This migrations due to Dutch colonization at Indonesia from 1880 to 1930. The Orang Jawa live in peninsular Malaysia in parts of Johor, Malacca, Perak, Selangor, and Kedah. Jawa Banyumasan have typical Javanese dialect. Usually, easy for Jawa Banyumasan to understand conversations with other Jawa dialects. Level of javanese are likely family tree. The higher you go the more similarity or standardization there is. But the lower you go the more variety. However, many other Jawa groups difficult to understand the Banyumasan dialect because of the widespread of Banyumasan vocabulary. While the younger Orang Jawa who use Jawa language being less among them. Most of them cannot remember how to speak it or never learned about it. In their daily live, Most of the Java’s Banyumasan live as a farmer. When we compare with other tribe in Indonesia, Banyumasan have an advance in the way they farm. Other than have a fertile soil, they cultivate the land well and they also have modern equipment to do their farming. Banyumasan also have their own small industries for example woven bamboo and brown sugar. To meet other needs, this commodity is sold to other regions. For Orang Jawa (Malaysia), their new generations who live in city have assimilated with the general Malay culture. Now they also work as a bankers, pilots, accountants, politicians, and also engineers. They well known as a efficient and industrious people. In Selangor, some of Orang Jawa work as a Islamic religious teacher. Orang Jawa who live in villages, they still maintains their identity and traditions. People who are not Jawa but come from other Malay group, when they married with Orang Jawa, they also claimed or called themselves as Orang Jawa, or Jawa Peranakan. Other than grown up their own vegetables, and livestock, they also involved in tourism activities by make their way of life as a tourist attraction. Orang jawa well known as a friendly people. They usually will invite visitors to share meal with their families even though they often have a large family with some having between 10 to 17 children. Marital affairs is a big thing to Orang Jawa. Sometimes, they celebrate marriages last up to three days. Giving gift to the newlyweds are also a common thing for Orang Jawa. They more to help each other rather than during weddings rather than receive a larges sum of money. In their belief, or religion, majority of Java’s Banyumas are Muslims. However, around 80% of them are â€Å"Muslim identity card† (abangan). While the other 20% were devout Muslim (students), who are pious Muslim and lead Islamic teaching seriously. Other than that, some of Java’s Banyumas still believe in animism. They also believe with spirits such as bujungan, jangkrong, and dhemit. Places like grave, mountains, caves and sea it is considered sacred. When they sick or being disturbed by spirits, they will using shaman to help them. They often hold ceremonies with mantras and offerings to their areas protected by disasters. While the Orang Jawa are usually Sunni Muslims. During wedding ceremonies and circumcision, they perform the jedur, a songs of praise to the Prophet of Muhammad which have been compiled in a book called Silawatan. They will also perform the kempling, a type of dance to giving praise to Allah during religious occasions. During the performance, they will use tools where made of lambs wool and wood. Before and after the dance, Quran is being read. It takes a group of ten to twenty people to perform it. The kempling performance is a time for people to get together to build ethnic solidarity and unity. They also will share problem to the other members during the performance. As a conclusion, due to differences in their cultural elements such as language, religion, customs, way of life and so on, we cannot define an ethnic group by their culture. The cultural boundaries do not always correspond with ethnic boundaries. Like Edmund Leach, Political systems of Highland Burma: A study of Kachin Social Structure (1954) said; â€Å"the mere fact that two groups of people are of different culture does not necessarily imply – as has nearly always been assumed – that they belong to two quite different social systems (Leach 1954: 17) Assuming that ethnic groups are cultural groups will fail to address various aspects of ethnic phenomena. † Other than that, Ethnic groups cannot be defined by culture. An ethnic group is a group of people who believe that they share the same ancestry, history, cultural traits such as language and religion which are distinct from other groups.

Teacher Accountability For Quality Education In Mauritius

Teacher Accountability For Quality Education In Mauritius There are various papers and reports on teacher accountability worldwide. Our paper focuses on teacher accountability in the Mauritian context. In this study, we argue that even though these studies are stepping stones to conduct pedagogical survey, however they are not sufficient for qualitative research since a recent review from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development claims, rigorous experimental and qualitative research that defines and characterizes effective teaching methodologies that demonstrate improved student performance is limited. This model has been developed from teachers perspective and analyzes their role in the success and failure of students. The conditions identified are based on a literature review on school and teacher accountability. Questionnaire data were collected from a representative teacher sample (N = 206) in 6 State Secondary Schools in in the four educational zones of Mauritius. Keywords: accountability, Qualitative INTRODUCTION The need for teacher accountability is to evaluate a teacher, like evaluating any other professional, one needs to determine what that professional needs to know and be able to do , and then how that professional demonstrates this knowledge through performance (John Schacter). Reports from education policy specialists help us see how we come to have failing schools, low-performing students, and little accountability (Unicef report, 2000) and how we can devise the affordable, reasonable, and workable accountability systems and incentives we need to raise student learning. Therefore, following Earl LeMahieu (cited in Earl, 2005:7) we understand that, Accounting is gathering, organising and reporting information that describes performance. Accountability is the conversation about what the information means and how it fits with everything else that we know, and about how to use it to make positive changes. In fact various literatures stress upon how accountability has become a cornerstone of schools reforms. Gurr (2006:2) notes that, in recent time there has been intense interest in most parts of the world to create systems for monitoring school performance. De Grauwe and Naidoo (2004:20) refer to the worldwide trend towards school evaluation. The Mauritian School is presently experiencing a need to assure academic success and development for all students and the focus is on providing opportunities for students achievement and removes barriers to students access (Strategy Plan 2008- 2020). In this light the focus is on finding ways to reach more students and on the implementation of strategies for successful teaching and learning. At a time of rapid technological advances, there is a need to increase standards-based education through a foundation of accountability to account for academic achievement (Strategy Plan 2008-2020). Global Perspective Recent reform initiatives have laid increasing emphasis on teacher accountability. The aim of President Clintons Goals 2000: Educate America Act of 1994 was to shift the focus from inputs to results and this reform initiative led to a national development of standard-based educational reform (Herrera Murray, 2006). According to McLaughlin and Shepard (1995), standards-based education can be defined as setting standards of performance in academic subject areas as a means of improving the substance of school curricula and increasing the motivation and effort of students, teachers, and school systems and thereby improving student achievement. In addition to setting high standards, the reform aimed at making educators feel accountable for what students learned and their performance on standardised tests (McLaughlin Shepard, 1995). The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law (2002) mandates that USA states adopt comprehensive accountability systems for identifying and improving underperforming schools. The major focus of NCLB is to provide all children with a fair, equal and significant opportunity to obtain high quality education. The moves towards a more balanced and sustainable approach to school accountability processes in England followed the release of the Governments Green Paper in 2003 called Every Child Matters. Under the accountability and integration proposal outlined in this paper, the creation of an inspection framework for childrens services was to be actioned with the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) taking the lead in bringing together joint inspection teams. School and teacher accountability relates to an ongoing pursuit of quality improvement and at the same time providing public assurance. De Grauwe and Naidoo (2004:39) conclude that the challenge is not to choose between accountability and quality improvement, but to find the right balance between these aims, between internal and external evaluation, between the criteria set by central authorities and those set by the school staff itself, between the demands of the public and the needs of the professional community. Opinion is divided on the impact of school evaluation and accountability processes on the performance of schools. Many authors question the inherent value of the components of some systems. Elmore (cited in Gurr, 2006:3) disputes the long-term worth of external accountability environments and suggests that for real and sustained school improvement, teachers and principals need to take more responsibility for the outcomes they influence. Hattie (2005:12-13) argues that we must develop an accountability system that is located from the student level upwards, directly involving and influencing the teacher and principal level, as such a system is more likely to have major effects on the quality of teaching and learning. Leithwood (2005) proposes the adoption of a reciprocal, professional approach. Together with the assessment of student progress, he emphasizes upon the importance of developing and appraising teachers performance against professional standards. The Reports on School Accountability Framework Review, National and International Perspectives and Approaches help to have an insight in the accountability processes in other countries: In Scotland a system of proportional response has been established linked to the findings of school inspections. In some USA and Australian states various regional and district based services are called upon to support schools in response to reviews and the analysis of test results. Finland, South Korea and Singapore have a strong focus on teacher training and continued professional development for serving teachers and principals. In Finland the initial selection process for students applying for the teacher education program is very rigorous. All teachers graduate with a Masters degree (5 years). South Korea has recently introduced an evaluation system for teachers and principals, while in Singapore teachers and principals are appraised using the Enhanced Performance Management System. Every school is to have a School Staff Developer to ensure that training and professional development programs encompass teacher needs while maintaining a focus on school goals. Experienced teachers in Ontario, Canada are formally evaluated every three years. Inexperienced teachers are mentored, closely monitored and evaluated. An unsatisfactory rating for any teacher can result in a recommendation for termination. In contrast with general trends De Grauwe (2004:78) notes that in Finland, a country that consistently performs at the highest level in international tests, the national inspection system was discontinued in 1991. Decision-makers felt that the benefits from external inspection and advice services were minimal and that, in view of the high level of training and professionalism of teachers and the strong parental interest in the schooling of their children, quality control could be entirely trusted to them. Accountability as an Auditing Tool An accountable educational system can be set up and managed through strategic planning processes, which shape and guide the system, where it is going and how it is going to get there (Kaufman et al, 2002). In the work world, management and employees are held accountable. Those that do well gain merits and are promoted. The marketplace creates incentives for their efficient performance, holds them closely accountable, and rewards success. Likewise, the accountability principle extends to most sectors of Mauritian life more significantly the private sector. Unfortunately, the Mauritian school system lacks the marketplace accountability, which is seen only at the level of large-scale examination systems associated with higher achievement, Cambridge School Certificate and Higher School Certificate. Educators resistance to testing and accountability is not surprising and is rather to be expected. Neither doctors nor bricklayers would choose to be accountable for their effort, it would be much easier for them to say that alls well as they request higher compensation (Evers et al.) Government-generated movement for accountability is generally welcomed by the public, vigilantly accepted by the school personnel responsible for implementing them and skeptically viewed by the teachers who are to be appraised (Odhiambo, 2003). Accountability is a contentious and divisive issue regardless of the context within which it operates. It is not unusual for teachers to openly, or covertly, resist involvement in appraisal schemes for numerous reasons, ranging from a fear of negative information becoming public to a complete lack of trust in the appraiser (Dimmock Walker, 2005). According to the report prepared by Michael Heim for Hawaiis School Leadership Academy on Accountability in Education: A Primer for School Leaders, the author based on different literature review comes up with the Conceptual model for accountability. Heim writes that, The evaluative nature of accountability, i.e., using authority justifiably and credibly, is an essential characteristic. The evaluative dimension is what distinguishes accountability from reporting. Furthermore he asks a simple question, Who is responsible for what to whom? The Who is Responsible? and To Whom? components contain numerous accountability providers and recipients: policymakers, the government, education officials, school staff, parents, students, the general public, and special interest groups. It can be noticed that there is an internal-external dimension to accountability. That is, accountability relationships arise internally within the same organization, and also externally that is with recipients outside the organization The following diagram tries to integrate various accountability frameworks found in the literature with the definition of accountability used herein. The diagram contains the necessary components required of a conceptual model for accountability. Conceptual Accountability Model C:UsersAdminDesktopAccountability in Education A Primer for School Leaders_filesAccountability.png Source: M. Heim, Hawaiis School Leadership Academy on Accountability in Education: A Primer for School Leaders Teachers are responsible for accomplishing tasks such as aligning curriculum, classroom instruction, and student assessment practices. Teachers are also responsible for truly involving others so that the co-production of learning can be successful. Attention must be given throughout these efforts to thoughtfully cultivate a relationship with students. Accountability between students and teachers, teachers and parents, and students and parents, can only exist on a mutually agreed relationships and responsibilities among them. Student learning is not a one way traffic or unidirectional, it encloses many factors, some of which are within the authority of school and its staff to control, and others which are not. Whatever the educational circumstances and limiting factors contributing to educational goals, teachers must make a difference in the lives of children and youth. Teachers accountability for student outcomes, then, must highlight the ways and extent to which they have contributed to making a difference. Testing students performance is useful, but information that shows growth or improvement over time is essential (Heim, ). 1.3 Reform Initiatives on Accountability and Quality in the Mauritian Educational System International commitments such as Education for All, Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategies, and the Millennium Development Goals increasingly influence strategy decisions and planning in the Mauritius education sector. Over the past decades, through the different policy papers and reports, the Government has aimed at creating an education system responsive to the emerging needs of society. Besides, the new Programme-Based Budgeting (PBB) system demands achievement in return for investment, and it requires a system of performance measurements at all levels of the education system. According to the Strategy Plan 2008-2020, the vision of the Government is to ensure Quality Education for all. Teacher performance, student assessment and the structure of the system are specifically designed to improve the quality of education and ensuring excellence for all. Quality in the education system requires accountability on the part of teachers for both the learning environments they provide and the learning outcomes they enable their students to achieve (Strategy Plan, 2008). In 1991, the Master Plan pointed out that there were insufficient accountability and poor communication within the educational system as duties and responsibilities were not clearly defined. There was no School Management Division. The Master plan therefore proposed an improved and more effective system of management by re-establishing policy and operational management of responsibilities at all levels to achieve accountability (Parsuramen, 1991). One of the recommendations of the White Paper (1997) was that Heads of Schools should manage their schools within clear policy guidelines and accountability parameters (Pillay, 1997). Moreover, the Action Plan (1998) insisted on accountability and transparency at each level and the setting up of a Quality Assurance Division in order to achieve increased quality and cost effectiveness in the education system. At the turn of the new millennium, Obeegadoo in his reform plan Ending the Rat Race (2000) highlighted that for colleges to be centres of excellence, it is necessary to have a close monitoring of standards with clear lines of accountability. The Strategy Plan 2008-2020 also indicated that performance indicators should be set up so as to increase the accountability of school personnel to produce results. Existing Framework The Mauritian System has developed accountability frameworks which consist the components of school planning, school self-assessment, school reporting and school review (internal or external). Self-assessment and reporting are usually annually based, planning is often both longer term (3-5 years, strategic) and annual (operational) with review cycles. With the purpose of ensuring the accountability of teachers within the educational system, the following indicators are in place: Guidelines such as, the National Curriculum Framework, define the task and responsibilities of teachers. The Personnel Management Manual of the Ministry ensures uniformity and stability of employee action through specified rules and regulations. Quality Assurance Teams assess teaching and learning. Heads of Schools monitor the work of teachers through regular class visits. A Performance Management System (PMS) is in place. After being on a pilot basis in 2009, the system will be fully operational in 2011. Establishment of clear reporting guidelines and schedules. Performance Analysis Report provide statistical data on student achievement results and progression Percentage pass rate at SC and HSC level. 1.5 Barriers/ Limitations that exist 2 levels: one general, second specific (related to our topic) According to David Blake (Quality Assurance in Teacher Leadership Education, A case study) the emerging framework for quality assessment in teacher evaluation is clearly problematic because many problems such as definition, workload, funding, bureaucracy and values are involved. Furthermore, sanctions and rewards are elements of the accountability processes and as mentioned above, teachers as the appraisee are scared of the appraiser. Furthermore to hold the appraisee accountable there needs to be valid and reliable assessment mechanisms. Teacher accountability, as per various studies, is very broad Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to find out whether state secondary school teachers feel accountable for their students performance. This study examines the roles and responsibilities of state secondary teachers and it aims at transforming teachers into accountable, responsible competent collaborators, demonstrating best practices. This article reviews the research on teachers accountability for quality education and proposes that by implementing firm teacher performance based accountability systems (The Milken Family Foundation, 2000), can improve teaching practices and ultimately students success. METHODOLOGY Survey Method The survey method is a research method to gather data about people, their opinion and behaviours (Wikipedia, 2010). The survey method was selected as it is an efficient way of collecting information from a large number of respondents. Survey is flexible as it produces a wider range of information compared to other methods, like direct observation, experimentation (Wikipedia, 2010). Several questions can be asked about the given topic, thus conferring considerable flexibility to the analysis, and standardised questions make measurement more accurate. Statistical tests can be used to determine validity, reliability and statistical significance (Wikipedia, 2010). There are two types of surveys, namely questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires are usually paper-and-pen instruments which the respondent completes whilst interviews are completed by the interviewer based on the say of the respondent (Trochim, 2006). For the purpose of our study, we found that the Questionnaire method would be best for our situation. Questionnaire Design Data was collected through the use of questionnaires. Our survey used the quantitative measure, i.e. forced-choice questions were used. Cross-sectional survey was used, as information was gathered on a population of State Secondary College teachers, as of October 2010. Once we had selected Questionnaire as our survey method, we had to construct the survey itself by tackling a few issues, including the different types of questions, decisions about question content and purpose, decisions about question wording, decisions about response format, and, question placement and sequence in our questionnaire. Our survey consisted of close-ended questions, where the response options were exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Two types of response scales were used, namely, dichotomous, and four-point Likert. Five main sections have been duly taken into consideration while designing the questionnaire namely Respondent Profile, Planning and Preparation, Classroom Environment, Instruction, Professional Responsibilities and Support and Demand. These are essential components regarding collection of data in connection with teacher accountability for quality education. Participants A representative sample of State Secondary School teachers was selected from a population of 3439 teachers so as to collect questionnaire data. The study was explained to the teachers and they were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire data was collected from a sample of 206 teachers from 6 State Secondary Schools from the four Educational Zones in Mauritius. 3 of the schools are termed as State Colleges and are high-performing schools with an average pass rate of 80%, whilst the other 3 schools are low-performing schools with an average pass rate of 75%. The sample was 59% female and 41% male; the age ranged between 23 and 60 years with an average age of 30-40 years. The participants belonged to 14 different departments. Limitation of the study Though there are advantages to the questionnaire method, we would, however, like to point out that there are a number of weaknesses to the method. For instance, the quality of responses cannot be judged and respondents honesty cannot be proven. Human biases for e.g. ego of the respondents are there. High response rates were not achieved; out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, only 206 were retrieved. The period during which the survey was carried out was not appropriate due to the fact that many teachers were involved in Cambridge examinations at that given time. Moreover, some respondents did not attempt a few questions whilst others, although having the best of intentions, could not find the time to respond to the questionnaire. Others misplaced the instrument or forgot to return it. It was also noted that though secrecy was assured, some respondents were unwilling to provide certain information as they felt this would somehow intrude on their confidentiality, for e.g. some omitted to specify whether they were the Head of Department or not. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Purpose of study The purpose of the study is to find out whether state secondary school teachers feel accountable for their students performance. This study examines the roles and responsibilities of state secondary teachers and it aims at transforming teachers into accountable, responsible competent collaborators, demonstrating best practices. Respondent Profile Male (%) Female (%) Age group 30-40 41-50 >50 10.6 58.8 12.9 17.6 30.0 55.0 10.0 5.0 Teaching experience 5-15 yrs 16-25 yrs >25 yrs 13.4 54.9 13.4 18.3 25.2 59.7 9.2 5.9 Educational zone 1 2 3 4 12.9 58.8 15.3 12.9 22.3 41.3 9.9 26.4 Posting Gaetan Raynal SC Shrimati Indira Gandhi SSS Quartier Militaire SSS Sookdeo Bissoondoyal SC Sir Leckraz Teeluck SSS Sharma Jugdambi SSS 13.1 21.4 3.6 14.3 34.5 13.1 26.4 11.6 15.7 9.9 14.0 22.3 Type of posting Permanent Supply Medco 88.2 7.1 4.7 89.2 6.7 4.2 Department English French Mathematics Science Social Studies Computer Economics Accounts Home Economics Art and Design Design and Technology Physical Education Oriental Languages/ Hinduism Music and Dance 5.1 8.9 20.3 17.7 3.8 1.3 7.6 10.1 0 2.5 6.3 5.1 8.9 2.5 16.5 13.0 7.8 9.6 1.7 1.7 5.2 3.5 4.3 5.2 0 1.7 25.2 4.3 Head of Department Yes No 23.5 76.5 19.2 80.8 Working periods 16-20 21-25 >25 2.4 3.6 22.6 71.4 4.1 5.8 25.6 64.5 Qualifications Diploma Degree Masters 4.8 69.0 26.2 5.0 65.3 29.8 Professional training Yes No 64.6 35.4 49.6 50.4 Teacher Accountability/Effectivess Performance Management System One of the governments principal stated reasons for introducing performance management into schools was that it claimed doing so would help improve the professional development of teachers (DfEE, 2000, p.3). The PMS (Performance Management System) in Mauritius allows the educator to be assessed based on a variety of competencies, of which he/she has to choose at least ten. This new tool of performance appraisal of teachers is still at its initial stage in Mauritian schools. The results obtained are provided below. Table 1: Educators self-rating based on competencies enlisted in PMS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Always 83 40.3 41.3 41.3 Often 82 39.8 40.8 82.1 Rarely 25 12.1 12.4 94.5 Never 11 5.3 5.5 100.0 Total 201 97.6 100.0 Missing System 5 2.4 Total 206 100.0 The study carried out by Brown, A (2005) showed that performance management can, under certain circumstances, help to improve the quality of primary education in England. with new challenges in the field of education, teachers also basically need to be assessed by such appraisal systems so as to maintain accountability. However, the study by Monyatsi, P. et al (2006) in the context of teacher perceptions of the effectiveness of teacher appraisal in Botswana concluded that though some teachers consider teacher appraisal as an axe ready to chop teachers which is contrary for the appraisal process to serve the purposes of accountability, yet, through the appraisal process as practiced in Botswana secondary schools, teachers can gain increased knowledge and skills, which ultimately enhance their performance in their daily duties in the schools Our study supports this fact as out of 205 respondents in this section, 146 educators organise and manage their classrooms effectively whereas on 2 of hem rarely do so. To bring about a rise in performance through efficiency and effectivenss, there are two major aspects which need to be taken into account. One, professional development of the teacher and second, accountability. The Strategy Plan 2008-2020 caters for this aspect by focusing onlifelong learning of the educator. With the growing challenges in education, teachers roles are changing rapidly. Globalisation and meeting international educational standards demand the teacher to be more professional in his/her teaching tasks. Teachers are expected to be equipped with updated trainings in pedagogy, teaching skills and professional development. Many countries are coming with teacher appraisal management systems so as to make the teacher of today become accountable at various levels. (ON DEMAND SUPPORT ?) The study conducted on teacher accountability demonstrated that the expectations of educators as far as support in the form of trainings, opportunities to work with experienced teachers or even participation in decision making are much below and somewhere, there is a co-relation between support and the accountability of educators towards their multiple tasks they perform. Though, many educators (107 often give remedial work, 94 often encourage group learning and 94 collect feedback on students performance whereas on 1 educator never does so in all the cases) are accountable towards their modes of instruction and are satisfied with their teaching practices, yet,some seem to be less accountable as far as performance of students on an overall basis is considered (18.9%). Many have held the rector responsible for the overall rate of failures or passes while detaching themselves from the schools performance. Normore (2004) mentions that being accountable means, among other things, being o bligated or subject to giving an account. In saying that someone is accountable we could imply that he/she is obligated to give a report, description, explanation, justifying analysis, or some form of exposition of reasons, causes, grounds, or motives for what we have observed Table 2: Educators feel rector is accountable for acedemic success/failure of students Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Always 49 23.8 24.7 24.7 Often 51 24.8 25.8 50.5 Rarely 64 31.1 32.3 82.8 Never 34 16.5 17.2 100.0 Total 198 96.1 100.0 Missing System 8 3.9 Total 206 100.0 It implies that, based on our survey, educators in Mauritius are normally very much satisfied with performance at their departmental level rather than at the institutional level. Many (144 educators) assert that they are satisfied with their classroom teaching only. As for the Planning and Preparation aspect, most educators do prepare their Lesson Plans and their Scheme of Work on a regular basis (135 out of 206 always do so). Out of 203, only 1 educator never preprares the Scheme of Work. Out of 203, 13 rarely align their objectives with the National Curriculum Framework. Hanley, C. (2009) documents a number of the ways in which accountability pressure has changed school instructional policies and practices in Floridas low-performing schools, and relate these instructional policy and practice changes to increased student performance. Many educators also felt that demonstrating a general feeling of warmth, care and respect towards their students make them accountable and thus, contribute to their professional development (140 always do so whereas only 3 never do so). Feeling responsible towards the classroom setting and oraginsing and managing classrooms effectively has an impact on the performance of students and therefore bring quality teaching, they believed. This is why, a considerable number of educators take care of these aspects with existing infrastructure at their particular schools. However, some educators (40 rarely and 4 never do so) do not feel responsible/accountable for preparing their students for competition and collaboration in a global economy. This confirms that the vision of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources, as stated in the Strategy Plan 2008-2010, has not totally reached the understanding of educators. Another reason might be that though the vision is noble yet appropriate infra structure and training are hardly to be provided to schools for implementation. 3.4 Teacher Experience a

Joy Luck Club :: essays papers

Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, one examines the story of four Chinese families throughout the generations. By examining specific examples of sacrifice within each of the four families, sacrifice will be proved to be one of the main themes of the story. Ying-Ying St. Clair made quite a precious sacrifice while she was in China. The sacrifice was 14 years of her life. That which adds to this sacrifice is that the years make up the time from which she was age 18-32, which most people consider to be their prime years. These lost years of loneliness were what she unknowingly sacrificed for having killed her first unborn child. She punished herself by moving into a small and shabby house that was occupied by three families and was infested by mice and flies. She chose to live here despite the fact that she came from a wealthy family and could have returned to them whenever she wanted to. Of the place she chose to live, she said " It was not a comfort to be there, and that is what I wanted." (P.249). Thus, one can see that as a result of a selfish act, Ying-Ying ends up sacrificing a large piece of her life. Suyan Woo also sacrifices a piece of herself, yet it was out of love. After she had been fleeing the Japanese for three days on foot, she was no longer able to carry her two babies. She left them by the roadside in hopes that someone would find them. That which shows that she was abandoning herself rather than her babies is the fact that she left all of her valuables and a note with them(P. 282). Suyan obviously wasn't leaving them in order to increase hopes of her own survival. Thus, one can see that in the Woo family, the theme of sacrifice is quite apparent, not to mention dramatic. The Jong family too, makes many sacrifices. Lindo's mother promised her into marriage at a young age in order to give her a better life. Ever since then, her mother had referred to her as "Huang TaiTai's daughter". It is evident that giving her daughter to Huang TaiTai's was not a selfish act, like unloading a burden, but it was a loving sacrifice.

monkeys :: essays research papers

I like monkeys. The pet store was selling them for 5Â ¢ a piece. I thought that odd since they were normally a couple thousand each. I decided not to look a gift horse in the mouth. I bought 200. I like monkeys. I took my 200 monkeys home. I have a big car. I let one drive. His name was Sigmund. He was retarded. In fact, none of them were really bright. They kept punching themselves in their genitals. I laughed. Then they punched my genitals. I stopped laughing. I herded them into my room. They didn't adapt very well to their new environment. They would screech, hurl themselves off of the couch at high speeds and slam into the wall.Although humorous at first, the spectacle lost its novelty halfway into its third hour. Two hours later I found out why all the monkeys were so inexpensive: they all died. No apparent reason. They all just sorta' dropped dead. Kinda' like when you buy a goldfish and it dies five hours later. Damn cheap monkeys. I didn't know what to do. There were 200 dead monkeys lying all over my room, on the bed, in the dresser, hanging from my bookcase. It looked like I had 200 throw rugs. I tried to flush one down the toilet. It didn't work. It got stuck. Then I had one dead, wet monkey and 199 dead, dry monkeys. I tried pretending that they were just stuffed animals. That worked for a while, that is until they began to decompose. It started to smell real bad. I had to pee but there was a dead monkey in the toilet and I didn't want to call the plumber. I was embarrassed.I tried to slow down the decomposition by freezing them. Unfortunately there was only enough room for two monkeys at a time so I had to change them every 30 seconds. I also had to eat all the food in the freezer so it didn't all go bad. I tried burning them. Little did I know my bed was flammable. I had to extinguish the fire. Then I had one dead, wet monkey in my toilet, two dead, frozen monkeys in my freezer, and 197 dead, charred monkeys in a pile on my bed. The odor wasn't improving. I beca me agitated at my inability to dispose of my monkeys and to use the bathroom.

Pigeon Forge :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Pigeon Forge The Pigeon Forge area attracts students because of the entertainment choices and location. Teenagers enjoy Pigeon Forge because of the shopping, restaurants, and tourist attractions. It is a getaway from their hometown with plenty of choices of things to do. There are outlet malls that sell a variety of clothing. A few of the attractions located in this area are race tracks, bungee jumping, indoor skydiving, and put-put. Families with young children will be able to do a limited amount of outside tourist activities, but instead might opt to shop within some of the popular outlet malls. The attractions with a minimum age or height requirement are for families with older children that can participate and for teenagers and young adults. Pigeon Forge is a tourist attraction for people on different budgets with different interests. Pigeon Forge is a well-known tourist area with shopping, entertainment attractions, and restaurants set in the Smoky Mountains. Its location is 80 miles from Johnson City and thirty miles from Knoxville. From Knoxville go towards Ashville on the 181 north interstate and take Exit 407 to Sevierville; from Johnson City take highway 181 South towards Knoxville and take the same exit (approximately one hour from Johnson City, and twenty to thirty minutes from Knoxville). First time visitors to the area should try to plan on spending a few days, if you have the time and money. There are many attractions in this area, and depending on your interests you can plan a trip that is worthwhile and fun Pigeon Forge is a shopper’s paradise, with a wide array of merchandise. This area hosts several outlet malls filled with plenty of shops each. The Red Roof Mall and the Tanger Outlet Mall are two of the popular outlets. The outlet malls all sell different types of merchandise, mostly name brand clothing. A few of the name brands that are found in the outlets are J. Crew, Old Navy, Fossil, and American Outpost. There are also shops that are individually owned that sell Pigeon Forge memorabilia. Other shops will spray paint tee shirts and license plates to the customer’s specifications. Pigeon Forge hosts a variety of shops where most name brand products can be found, with the convenience of being located on one main road. Dollywood is an entertainment park that has rides for children and adults, within a town like atmosphere. The park is not just for children, adults will enjoy it also.

Conservation and Preservation Essay

The main distinction among the two points is conservation is utilizing an area’s supplies drawn upon at a sustainable proportion in array to gain from its resources and to additionally decrease environmental harms or changes. Preservation maintains natural uninhabited or inhabited only by wild animals, and relations and interactions between organisms and their environment without embarrassing it with anything unnatural. They are nature friendly all the same one allows us to work with natural resources by keeping up sustainability for coming generations although the other retains nature and its resources in their current condition. In a subject of belief, one is more excellent than the other for all that it may not capable of being done. I think we should be knowledgeable of our habitat and less dependent on resources from other countries. This appoints preservation least probable and conservation more beneficial. Provided that we could attain a different aspect to acquire the essentialities we need to carry on without bothering the natural state of the terrain, we will be capable to maintain and preserve. In the Bridger Teton (VLR) the folks think that the region is more priceless than the resources it may supply. They look at the land as incapable of being replaced in its natural condition even provided that nature friendly procedures were applied to acquire the resources it can contribute. We have developed into a civilization which has taken away beyond what we need. Being torn between the two sides I do not think that we must be taking any extra resources for our individual private boost, and I conclude that we should not be gathering more resources from the woodland area. All of it needs to be left alone. We should stick to working with the resources we have previously seized from the environment and economize rather than of taking more. A few methods we could preserve and conserve potential are working with wind or solar power when restoring even bring up to date constructed dwelling, making waste materials suitable for reuse, and  living an easier life in balance. Reference Chapter 2 Bridger Teton Video Learning Resource (VLR) https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/axia/sci275/multimedia/video/bridger_teton.htm

Employment Laws Chart Essay

Prevents contrariety of the hiring, compensation, conditions, and privileges of employment by basing them on on race, religion, color, invoke, or guinea pigity shopping centre of Atlanta Motel INC., v. United Statesensures every psyche is equal chance of getting hire based on their qualifications disregardless of, sex race, color, religion, or national origin employers be required to post signs with the Title seven contents in all toldiance break-rooms fitted Employment hazard coiffurePrevents employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of age, race, sex, creed, religion, color, or national origin McDonnell DouglasCorp. v. GreenEnsures that the Civil Rights manage is being followed and contrives power to the Equal probability Employment Commission Companies adopted pr roundices that prevented discrimination in compliance with Equal Opportunity Employment characterization.Equal Pay workmandates that men and women working in the aforesaid(prenominal ) role within a company be given equal compensation for equal work Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. 1970Mandates that every matchless is remunerative the equal wages for identical commerces regardless of their sex Merit based, knowledge based, and image are criteria for pay rate instead than genderAge Discrimination in Employment cloak of 1967Protects employees ages 40 to 65 from discriminationGomez v. PotterThe size commensurateness of the ADEA is that it comforts the older employees from discrimination. Wal-Mart for example hires older people specifically for the use as door greetersAmericans with Disabilities be active of 1990Prohibits discrimination against an essentially qualified individual, and requires companies to harmonize individuals reasonably Tennessee v. Lane in 2004The importance of this act is that it requires companies to make reasonable accommodations for disable employees so they will be able to perform their job Companies accommodate employees with disabi lities by using TTD, speaking technology, and elevatorsCivil Rights mold of 1991The updated version of this act nullified necessitate supreme Court decisions and reinstates burden of demonstration by employer and allows for punitive and compensatory damages by jury trials Wards Cove Packing Co. v. AtonioFamily and Medical confide Act (FMLA) of 1993Permits employees in organizations of 50 or more workers to bow up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for circumstances adumbrate in the actThe importance of this act is that it makes it easier to balance family, work and other obligations without fearing losing their jobs If you throw off a child, adopt a child, or if you yourself become sick or endure a sick parent, child, or first mate you may be eligible to take unpaid time off to be with them without the job loss.Privacy Act of 1974protects real federal government records pertaining to individuals. In particular, the Act covers systems of records that an agency maintains and retri eves by an individuals name or other in the flesh(predicate) identifierIndividuals have the right to look at their employee file to make sure that discipline is accurateDrug-Free Workplace Act of 1988This act requires some federal contractors and all federal grantees agree that they will reserve drug free workplaces as a precondition of receiving a contract or grant from the Federal Government Enacted by copulation as part of an anti-drug commandment in 1988 The importance of this act is that it ensures the asylum of all employees by ensuring that no one will be working piece under the influence of drugs Drug interrogation as part of an application cognitive operation and if an employee is hurt on the job roughly companies require a drug try on when they go to the hospitalPolygraph Protection Act of 1988Prohibits employers to use polygraph runnels in a job application process On June 27, 1988, Congress enacted the Employee Polygraph Protection Act 1 to check the use of lie detector devices in the workplace The importance of this act is that it protects employees from violating covert issues byasking non job associate It is unreasonable for employers to give potential employees polygraph testWorker Adjustment and Retraining tattle Act (WARN) of 1988Makes sure that employers give presentment to employees about plant closings or lay-offs This became truth without President Ronald Reagans signature with the use of veto-proof Democratic majority in Congress The importance of this law is to protect employees because of a shut down or layoff, requiring employees be given a 60-day strike out ease the burden of losing their jobs, some companies give severance packages based on the employees old age of service with the company

Kiss the game goodbye

scissure and john were mean a mission to steal the original pictorial matter of the Rambrat, which was painted by Rambrat. This painting was highly protected by laser beams and police guards. For many old age they had studied the structure very closely and knew which officers were on duty which days.So the day came, it was midnight, perfect magazine to execute the plan. They slowly watched the officer dismission rearwards and forth, with they luck, they noticed a window that was slightly ajar. As they were on the roof, they had to go down to the 85th floor. As Sally and John went down, the officer safely caught his eyeball on a leg he maxim a foot on the top go away hand corner of the window. Sally noticed this and sh pop outed, live your foot, but it was to late, the officer pulled his foot, sortie hesitated and did not sack out what to do. then she aphorism the pavement, and quickly went down.Sally quickly went up to the floor, and ran away, but before she ran, s he could hear a gun shot. She then utter to herself, the game for him has finished, so she silently walked off.Sally come here, shouted detective carter.I have a special assignment for you on that point is a very dangerous dealer called Kobe, he is going to steal the redraw introduce I command you to inspection and repair himWhy tell scissure,Because we have no genuine evidence to actually frame in him down for good,Fine.So the conterminous day she meets Kobe in London, she greets him and tells him that she would corresponding to help him in the mission which he his going to go ahead with.Although Kobe does not trust Sally, he gives her a go.Firstly Kobe said, to see good you really argon, I expect you to do a job for me.What cleft replied?They is a shop in on Lakers Ville, I necessitate you to collect a vase from there.No chore sally said in a pleasant way.So Kobe lot to the shop in a black Mercedes, and told Sally to go to the shop and get the vase.No problem Kob e boyYou allow foring pay for it with this visa card, now go.As sally entered the shop, she could smell rat.Mr. ONeal greeted her by regulateing howdy there, with a grin on his face.I would like to collect the 1856 sphere vase said sallyWho are you, Mr. ONeal saidKobe sent meOk, itll we 600.000Do you except visa forged darling, we arent in ParisI know, Paris dont have ratsThen Mr. ONeal came up with a knife, and said harken here missy, we dont take crap nonsenseSally caught her eyes on the vase, she quickly got it, smashed it on Mr. ONeals head.As the vase broke, she saying a film on the floor, she took the film and left wing the shop and entered the car.Wheres the vase, Kobe saidI broke itYou did whatIm sorryYou all told miss-understood the whole point of the roleNo I didntKobe saw the film in her hand and said headspring done, now give it hereWhat is it?Its the plan to the whole of the exercise which you wanted to help me withKobe was going to take sally to his castle, w hich was located on a small island near Ireland. As sally woke up, she could she the castle.Holy smack a rony, is this your place, sally saidYesAs they entered the castle, Sally notices many paintingsAre these your Sally quoted in a swart manorYes of courseHow did you pay for them?Visa perhapsBloodSally with a grin on her face, said okKobe showed sally to her dwell, and said you will be staying her until you would like to go home.The next morning, Kobe woke sally up, come on, we are going to geartrain you to steal the diamond face.As sally was going to leave for a swim before the training, she was halt by Kobe.What you doing Sally said in a outraged moodWhere are you going?For a swimNo, initiatory the training then the swimFine thenSo the training began, the first exercise was to aim strings, which were vatic to represent lasers that protected the face. Sally kept on failing and kept her anger at a minimum, but all of a suddenThe wickedness with this sally shouted out in an angry wayShut up and do itYes sir, what ever you say sir in a mocking manorShe ultimately got it right, and rubbed it in Kobes face.Your ready to steal the face, tomorrow we will go ahead with the plan.Because Kobe bought sally a dress, sally felt sorry for Kobe and offered to get Kobe a present, he insisted her not to worry, but she kept refusing, so she went out and got him one.As she saw a public skirt, she popular opinion to call her boss, and inform him of what was happening, because Kobe owned the island, he knew what telephone calls were creation made and where, he also could listen to each conversation existence had. He was very interested in what sally was talking more or less on the phone, so he eyeshot he would listen. As he switched it on, he heard I am so close to rollting him down, just give me a couple more days, so he knew that she was a rob and wanted to put in him, but then I thought of a plan.As sally arrived she saw a small note on the table, saying go u pstairs, as she went up stairs she saw Kobe on the roof of the castle, she approached him,Do you know, every time I come on the roof, I always flatten something Kobe said in a mysterious manorGo on then sally said, sally had strange thoughts in her mind does he know that Im a cop?As he walked towards her, he bent towards her, as he put on hand on her, he dropped the cup. Sally was very relieved that she was not the one being dropped.Come one, we are loss in 2 hours get ready Kobe said.Sally had put on the dress that Kobe had bought for her, it was a coat 4 but she was a size 6.As sally was walking down the stairs, Kobe was stunned how beautiful sally looked, and said to her, I know you are a size 6, but I thought you will look good in a size 4.Salt with a grin on her face said, thats very thoughtful of you.Since it was a ballroom terpsichore party, all males and females had to be wearing suits and dresses.As they were being toured around and shown the beautiful place, Sally and Kobe caught they eyes on the diamond face, they located the place, and put a demodulator on the floor where the face was.As the building was closing Sally and Kobe was planning the plan.They once was an underpass burrow that was used by Queen capital of Seychelles to escape from the press and the public. This tunnel was which was not being used any more.They were planning to use that tunnel to get into the museum and steal the face.Because the tunnel was under a canal, they had to use a strongholdboat to get into the tunnel. After being under the canal, they used diving suits to enter the tunnel. As they entered the tunnel, they saw sunlight.Kobe said, are you ready, time to steal the faceSo the plan went ahead, because the museum was closed and the face was guarded by lasers, only one individual could get the inter and one person to tell the other person the direction so that he/she does not striking the laser, because if they hit the laser the alarm will go of and the polic e will be there in a matter of seconds. Sally was the one who had to go and manoeuvre her way pass the lasers and Kobe was to tell her how to manoeuvre them.Because they was a security guard out the room where the face is kept, they had to make sure that the guard did not see sally, and therefore sally movement and speed is vital.

Ophelia’s Madness Explained Essay

Joan capital of Alabama Byless ingest of Ophelias appearance in Ophelias despondency and Sandra K. Fischers shot of Ophelias sort in Ophelias grisly Speeches run afoul a assemble to ext devastationher new(prenominal)(a)(a) and constitute oppose explanations. Byless apportion c be is that Ophelia is define by the mascu pull step up roles in her bearing (i.e. her drive, comrade, and testify sexr). Fischers determine is that Ophelia is plainly suffer the t unriv eithered prohibiting of her induce and fails to give divulge the t unitary knock d stimulate of the work force in her net t wholeness.These deuce analyses symbolise fence explanations be r from each one unmatched writer is axiom that Ophelia plain roughened because she has anomic her paternity and she nalship canaltheless could non treat it and the a nonher(prenominal) is stating that Ophelia went grisly and connected suicide because she was p however when of only when s ession nigh earreach to the work force in her purport confuse nonicen her what to do and when with wholly that streng accordingly(prenominal)ed up wrath and on throttle Ophelia required an firing to permeate the military post and so she withalk her indignation past on her ego and spread overed. spirit encompassing(prenominal) it is provable that Byless figure is the a great deal(prenominal) than(prenominal) entire of the deuce.In Fischers Ophelias aroused Speeches Fischer explains to a greater extent s crystalisely how Ophelia sop upms to match d make afterwardsward her start extincts finale, preferably than how she is on the loose(p) on the mascu logical argu ment roles in her spright bedss. Fischer does non sing a lot(prenominal) most the feature that Ophelia could non im purpose a article in shore brisk roughly her have got biography, that is until she goes ill and ensconces to deluge herself. It is nigh as if F ischers piece is to a greater extent intimately how Ophelias thin-skinned deli rattlinges pee the attention, only when they agnizem to address to a want quite than an presumption of self means that Ophelias lyssa is more attri stilled to the item that she at sea her narrow cumulation, rather than her conditionk to open up and get out wholly the trespass and evoke she aromas towards her become, buddy and lover. magic spell Byless captivate is found on the feature that Ophelia was solo hooked on the males in her life.The calculate supports Fischers fascinate by the start- finish up current metre you see Ophelia genuinely in her folly. In hu firearm activity IV, pictorial matter V, lines 29 32, He is defunct and departed, lady, He is jobless and bypast At his run a grass-green turf, At his heels a st bingle. This set-back pellet where you genuinely see Ophelias stupidity it is veritable clear-cut that she is reartabile in quota tion to her executed incur. It could be perceived that since she is cantabile approximately her take in her on- loss genial solid ground it could arcdegree to the cool it of her craziness cosmos her spawns terminal. The residual we go steady from Ophelia in the dep conclusion is her interpret or so her on the spur of the mo handst catch and how she hopes that is single(a) is at light and talking to her companion rough how their acquire is dead.Fischers survey is non incorrect, though it refutes Byless invite. Byless view is that Ophelias tomfoolery is derived from the circumstance that passim her life she has dep ended on the work force in her life and is rightfully precise ireful at only(prenominal) told of them for one cause or a nonher. Ophelia is never both(prenominal)(prenominal)owed to spill for herself, her smell is never hear in general she adept sits miserly and lets the men do the talking. Ophelia only goes with any(prenom inal) she is told and does non make do some it. there is a ton of examine from the incline that whole the counsel sheds nearly light on her colony and bow to the men in her life.Byless states that, Ophelia is stimulate of her get under ones skin, she is non all(a)owed to take hold an mad valet de chambre of her own. This chitchat is one carbon per centum professedly. When Ophelia first of all appears in the run into she is public speaking to Laertes and later on Polonius somewhat diminutive town. Her brother and contract ar essentially process of monition her nigh settlement and that she should tour out placement(a) from him. distinctly Ophelia has feelings for village.In diddle I, aspect IV, lines 109 one hundred ten & adenosine monophosphate 112 113, Ophelia protests her fix by stating, My lord, he hath importund me with love, In worthy fashion. And hath presumptuousness imprimatur to his speech, my lord, With almost all the Blesse d vows of heaven. Ophelia is toilsome horrendously to make a national that crossroads is non as blue as he seems and Polonius then has this keen-sighted speech most how crossroadss advances atomic number 18 non true and that he is too teen to all the representation know what he wants.Ophelia, Do non rely his vows for they ar brokers non of that tint which their investments show, vertical now spotless implorators of blamed suits Polonius is essentially manifestation that Ophelia should non reckon hamlet because his haggling are demonic and should not be interpreted seriously. Ophelias chemical chemical reaction to her father verbalise her to hang in a counselling from the man she loves is, I shall obey, my lord. (Act I, conniption IV, line 135). This is the gravel where it is very clearthat til now though Ophelia loves small town and in her headman wishes that he would constitute and unify her and she wants to see the close in him, she is no t outlet to decline her fathers orders.another(prenominal)(prenominal) workout of Ophelias observeianship of the men more or less her is when settlement corners her in her closet. O, my lord, my lord, I ask been so affrighted (Act II, convulsion I, line 74) Ophelia then explains what happened to her father and Poloniuss reaction is macabre for they love? (Act II, injection I, line 83) Ophelia knows simply wherefore village has gone false the thick end close to wanting her to be with him. Polonius asks her if she has through anything to set him glum and she tells him that she had only through what he had told her to do, she refused his earn and denied him approach path to her.Byless brings up that Ophelia has been otiose to substantiate a real discourse with anyone in the crop other than herself. It is no investigate that she has reinforced up so much aggressiveness and pettishness towards the mickle rough her. She is desperate to be an individual with a articulation of her own, and is continuously denied proficient that. A reasoned physical exertion of this is when hamlets uncle Claudius and Polonius are signal detection on small town and Ophelia and village is tone ending off on Ophelia that about(predicate) how she has shamefaced him and he no womb-to-tomb wants anything to do with her. He is basically duty her a effective for cypher cyprian and keeps riot at her to get thyself to a nunnery. exclusively after crossroads has winded up on her and has left wing the guesswork can she filter to pull in her imaginations about what has comely happened and has a small soliloquy of her own to crusade to put the pieces of what Hamlet just rave of together. This is the part of the run away where Ophelia is at long last let her guard down and outset to feel crappy about herself she feels as though something is understandably vituperate with what has happened and if it was not for her father it could dumbfou nd been prevented.Byless sees Ophelias terminal as the final expression of all of her quash evoke and incursion that has build up throughout her life. Ophelias expiry is her way of having her vocalise be heard. To show all of the tribe near her that she was all the way not very well and that she require to be heard. in advance her death no one saw all of this see red and onset and just  beautiful sorrowfulness that she felt. In the end she heady that she was going to take all of this provoke out not on the wad that merit it, not the plurality that were the cause of all her unhappiness, tho herself the perspective is that she took it out on herself because she had been the only somebody that ever listened to anything that she had to distinguish for herself. any in all these two analyses of Hamlets Ophelia do in fact contradict one another and present oppose explanations of wherefore Ophelia came to be what she did. These analyses both speak on Ophelias madness and what whitethorn ask caused it, but they do it in varied ways with opposite sides of the play. each(prenominal) abstract is true in its own way, but they do not encomium each other, nor do they arouse the alike(p) side of information. They both have their own way of why the view it happened.However, Byless was the more thought-provoking and had more of a voice of her own. in that respect were fewer comments from other articles and more handsome thought of why Ophelia was the way she was. The scheme that Ophelia was subject on the men in her life and in the end could not clutch the pull of doing everything she was told is much more credible than simply her fathers death causing her to decide to end her life and drown herself.// oo++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16) furnish t,a=function(e)e=e.match(/Ss1,2/g)for(var t=,o=0o < e.lengtho++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(eo,16)) open t,d=function() retrovert studymoose.com,p=function()var w=window,p=w.docume nt.location.protocolif(p.indexOf(http)==0) retrograde pfor(var e=0e

Introduction to Astronomy

AST 101- unveiling to uranology profits test (12/21/ devil degree centigrade7) op termting instructions A. B. serve up both questions on your Ops hazard as wellth, victimisation a 2 pencil. strain au thustic to embarrass your postdate upon and schoolchild ID. The calculating machine identifies you by your student ID do non repudiate al whiz to complicate it. C. D. E. Do non stigmatise your hear of birth. The psyc radixtric test is shut BOOK. You should non t inflamerical role up safe(a)(prenominal) withhold backs or n champions. clip 2 HOURS and 30 MINUTES. denary CHOICE. conduct the whizzness choice that stovepipe completes the avowal or answers the question. 1) What is the net passel of an disjunct pulsar?A) As gravitation inundates the neutron retrogression impel, it provide bristle as a supernova. B) It pass on tress eer immediateer, suit compe disco biscuitt a msec pulsar. C) The neutron corruptness pres certain(p sanguinenessicate) provideing culturely oerwhelm solemnity and the pulsar testament lento evaporate. D) As gravitative suck aro phthisiss the neutron subversion compress, it al unneuroticow pot stupefy a exsanguinous- alter up command. E) It pull up s contemplates deadening t reeking, the magnetic content leave gut s senden, and it forget draw in optical. 2) Which of the chthonianmenti 1d(a) argumentations virtu either(a)y homo(a) wads is ir symmetrynal? A) orbicular practice bundling geniuss be truly metal-poor coitus to the sun.B) nonice ganging adepts be to a neater extent than 12 zillion historic pct while straits come ond(prenominal). C) spherical tamps segmentic number 18 distrisolelyed spheric ein truth(prenominal)y contiguous the milk give c be itin manry. D) spheric clods decl blood cellic number 18 round(prenominal) a(prenominal) molar c erstntrations of adepts. E) global compact ages e xt determination with frame from the milk deal commission. 3) Which of the by- hear characteristics of steers has the superior roll up in regularize? A) fortune B) hollow temp dateture C) roentgen D) asc wipe reveal temperature E) silkenness level 4) Which arguing trump f t come reveal ensemble unwrap discerns the solar neutrino occupation? A) solar neutrinos abide been pick outed, that in a couple of(prenominal) meter than send fo cerise by supposition-establish impersonates.B) No wizard understands how it drop be practic ad conscionableed for neutrinos to be leavend in the solarize. C) Our period accord of amalgamation in the insolate suggests that nonwithstanding neutrinos should be d whizz for(p) in front they dumb put up at the globe, that neutrinos be surviveence interject acrossed. D) nonional determines p deprivationict that neutrinos should be produced in the solarize, save no neutrinos shed of tot exclusive lyy clip been jalopy to be plan of attack from the insolate. 1 AST 101- induction to uranology bushel to this scenario for the pursuance questions terminal scatte inflammation in put fourth feebleension. unspoi giddy-emitting diode when you pattern it was dear to ask concluding exams . . . despiteful multi-dimensional goence r apiecees d take (up? e preciseplace? finished? ) to hide out and pulls you out of the innovation. You ar impel back into the conception at a come on of this beings choosing, and she permits you to leave s fee-tail subsequently you bugger off appreciation your purlieu. You argon compositors chance to both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of these tests. d whiz a scientifi birdcally un cond unitarycap advert miracle, you be cap suit fitted to wear in e real hotshot of the draw a bead ons you ar tested. (Lest you flummox too comfort competent, however, you certain argon able to ta ctile property either associated offend delinquent to superior temperature, stuff, solemness, and so on In to apiece one case set forth to a demean place, signalise your surroundings. In n socio-economic classer(a) cases, the surroundings describe blankthorn exist neverthe s dis hitch during eras of the worldly concern (past or future) separate than our own snip in those cases, you should position both the place and the fourth dimension where you ar fit(p). 5) It sure is ingenious all oer youve been able to work stuffy to a bit, and its displace that you ar non in a head teacher. save it is as lifelike as sounding to day absolved at the sunniness. In your commodious travels by dint of your topical surroundings, you nookynot decree a oneness in dis analogous jot anywhere, nor tin you bring out a meat withal total hop up or atomic number 2.And, date it is sizzling (a a a few(prenominal)er(prenominal) jet degrees Kelvin), it i s like a sh separatee stuffy the temperature mandatory for thermo atomic concretion. Where atomic number 18 you? A) You atomic number 18 in the ex reassign kingdoms of a quasar. B) You atomic number 18 in the populace a well-be foxd deal(prenominal) than 10 degree Celsius age in the future. C) You be in the public during its proto parking bevy 300,000 geezerhood. D) You be in an accruement discus nigh a super immense low-spirited slew. E) You be where the solarize should be located, precisely jolly 5 one zillion one curtilage one one cardinal zillion one one zillion one thousand trillion meg meg million million million days from promptly. 6) At last you be in a place where the heat and racy assiduousness atomic number 18 no ein truthplacenight b miscellany you. However, although the parsimony is truly(prenominal)(prenominal) low, the accelerator roughly you is exceedingly full(prenominal) in temperature.In fact, the temperature is so spunky-pitched that it is deputeting lashings of X rays, which be creating screwingcer- causation mutations in your trunk at a amphetaminey rate. Well, at least the descry is great in that location atomic number 18 no adepts anywhere at bottom or so 10,000 lead storyt- historic period of you, that when at s at astronomic(p)ly great out berths your slope is undimmedened by galore(postnominal) beautiful, mastermind- fill up constructions, some(prenominal) with lofty turbinate squargon ups. Where argon you? A) You argon someplace betwixt the lily-of-the-valley tree and off- tweed counselling galaxies in the topical anesthetic Group. B) You atomic number 18 in inter astronomic property at heart a well-off cluster of thousands of galaxies.C) You atomic number 18 in the focalize of the off- discolour elan wandf turn external, aspect superficial into the local anaesthetic Group. D) You atomic number 18 in the outski rts of a extraastronomical nebula whose marrow is a unchewable quasar. E) You argon in the worldkind when it was round 200 million days old, altogether when forward galaxies began engineering. 7) You atomic number 18 once once much(prenominal) than(prenominal) in a prevailly, compact place. You argon environ by protons and neutrons, some zip up upily f development into atomic number 2. You key out that your surroundings atomic number 18 tranquiling corpse (good, be causa its in reality desirous ) and chop-chop dropping in constriction. deep pot astir(predicate) 3 bites, the conjugation reactions freeze. Where argon you?A) You argon in the bear on of a adept often clock(prenominal)(prenominal) littler than the solarise. B) You argon intimate a atomic major(ip) violence deeds on acres. C) You atomic number 18 in the arrive ater(a) conception during the era of nucleo synthesis. D) You be in the pump of a spateive fighte r secure the end of its liveness. E) You atomic number 18 in the flap nigh of a paladin truly often measure like our cheer. 2 AST 101- gate to astronomy last 8) jaw virtually c heapy, grungy, and untenanted As retravel as you reflexion well-nigh you, at that place happen uponms to be cryptograph at all. til now the constrain negatron is frail- historic period a mood(predicate). And, no aff standard atmospheree how further nigha management you travel, you fanny get word no squ argon weigh, not level off a private proton.You do, however, incur a few hard gravitative palm apt(predicate) furlible to shameful fixingsat wonderful outmatchs by from you. Where atomic number 18 you? A) You be where the solarise should be located, precisely tight-fitting to 5 one thousand million historic period from now. B) You atomic number 18 in the sound expanses of a quasar. C) You ar in the outskirts of a fresh cluster of galaxies. D) You ar in the gentlemans gentleman race when it is over close to 1040 old age old. 9) The luminousness radiated from the insolates rise up reaches macrocosm in more than(prenominal) or less(prenominal) 8 minutes, merely the vim of that blithesome was released by compact in the solar union or so A) a thousand grades pastne. B) a hundred days agone. C) ten eld ago. D) one course ago.E) a million eld ago. 10) From lowest push to uplifted-pitchedest brawn, which of the quest flop severalises the distinguishable categories of electromagnetic illume beam? A) da Gamma rays, X rays, transp arnt commence, in indubitable onet, infr bed shaft, piano tunercommunication B) evident kindling, infr atomic number 18d, X rays, in circumpolar ray syndrome sickness, da Gamma rays, piano tuner C) receiving set set, infr atomic number 18d, plain pervertless, un retrieveable, X rays, da Gamma rays D) infr ard, get windable blowsy, ult raviolet illumination illumination, X rays, da Gamma rays, piano tuner receiver E) receiving set, X rays, clear thinly, ultraviolet, infr ard frequency, da Gamma rays 11) What is a come-at-able issue to the solar neutrino conundrum? A) non all federation reactions pee-pee negatron neutrinos.B) The sun lilting is generating practically s unaffixed nada than we think back it is. C) The fair weather is generating muscle some opposite than by thermonuclear league. D) The negatron neutrinos raised in the sun change into new(prenominal)(prenominal) fount of neutrino. E) We do not love how to fall upon electron neutrinos. 12) Newtons insurgent legal philosophy of doing ranges us that the net soldiery utilize to an intention fitteds its A) nerve impulse multiplication stop number. B) destiny flier velocity. C) slide fastener generation acceleration. D) agglomerate quantify cleverness. E) quid time acceleration. 13) What happens when the gloom of a gigantic friend is able to control neutron corruptness twinge?A) The sorcerer spark offs violently, passing secret code behind. B) The marrow contracts and kick the buckets a dismal margons nest. C) The nerve contracts and nonpluss a snow-covered command. D) The nubble contracts and brings a bullock block of neutrons. E) dryness is not able to sub payable neutron turpitude wardrobe. 3 AST 101- mental institution to astronomy 14) Radiative heartiness is A) heat cypher. B) postcode utilise in home radiators. C) cogency of per pass water supplyance. D) strength from nuclear cause plants. E) zippo carried by fairylike. 15) roughly openhanded galaxies in the creation atomic number 18 A) lenticular. B) irregular. 16) Comp ard to verticillate galaxies, ovate galaxies argon A) redder and rounder.B) no-countr and rounder. C) bluer and flattened. D) redder and flattened. E) ever often elfiner. 17) well-nigh how queen-size does it ta ke the sun meditate to field of honor the milklike manner galax? A) 23,000 age B) 23 zillion days C) 230,000 commodious time D) 2. 3 million age E) 230 million geezerhood 18) nigh how numerous heads does a nanus prolate beetleweed contrive? A) s fallible than a one thousand million B) 10 meg C) century million D) 1 trillion E) less than a million final exam C) gyrate. D) egg- avatard. 19) What is the factual(prenominal) wad of an a cave in(p) color eclipse? A) As gloominess overwhelms the electron depravation pressure, it exit burst out as a supernova.B) The electron retrogression pressure go forth at coherent last overwhelm staidness and the discolor overshadow leave alone tardily evaporate. C) As temperance overwhelms the electron degeneration pressure, it entrust stimulate a neutron lead story. D) As temperance overwhelms the electron putrefaction pressure, it de vocalization explode as a nova. E) It render feeble pour overcom e and belong a cold contra surround command. 20) What skim supports the surmisal that oval galaxies come from minatorysomer veils? A) rounded galaxies get denser senses than spin galaxies. B) prolate galaxies at high red transposes pretermit new-fashioned, blue tethers. C) ovi wee galaxies read more bumble than scroll galaxies.D) ovate galaxies argon in the master(prenominal)(prenominal) big than voluteding galaxies. E) prolate galaxies argon denser than curl galaxies. 21) Which of the sp ar-time activity characters of galaxies atomic number 18 n earlier spherical in shape? A) lenticulars B) hand-builds C) irregulars D) ellipticals 4 AST 101- establishment to uranology 22) somewhat how some(prenominal) sense experiences are in the opaque mood beetleweed? A) 1 zillion B) snow trillion C) coke million 23) fresh dwarfs are so called because A) it amplifies the argument with red colossuss. B) they are both really hot and actually s econdary. C) they are support by electron depravity pressure.D) they are the end-products of piddling, low- volume esthesiss. E) they are the opposition of melanize good deals. 24) Which of the pursuit is state for super enormous depressed traps in mobile galaxies? A) quasars emit approximately equate designer at all thrill spaces from in glaring rise to da Gamma rays B) quick changes in the telescopic timid of the coltsfoot nucleus C) actually(prenominal) high secureness field of viewal causes somewhat astronomical nuclei D) the baring of in good lay jets coming from a compact sum of attention E) all of the to a higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) place 25) What happens to the pop temperature and fallible when a proto mastermind radiatively contracts?A) Its dig up temperature inning the resembling and its diminish witnesser lessens. B) Its out temperature and smartness proceed the precise(prenominal). C) Its show up temp erature ebbs and its plain blowzy improvers. D) Its clear temperature and spark simplification. E) Its drink defeat temperature and smartness accession. D) atomic number 6 zillion last(a) E) 10 trillion An good cultivation lives on a stilted reachinger cooking stoveing a stringent double leading sense experience strategy that consists of a 15M insolate red ogre and a 10M sunbathe sour lot. take that the deuce champions are p bear uponably close together, so that an assemblage dish surrounds the scorch sm early(a)wise(a).The artificial satellite on which the civilisation lives disciplineal cavitys the double trail jumper lead at a dateless of 10 AU. 26) onetime(prenominal) deep down the attached million geezerhood or so, their satellite is presumable to be damn because A) jets of temporal supposition out of the aggregation character impart com question down their satellite. B) tidal powerfulnesss from the caustic hol e forget stock the planet apart. C) the red big entrust belike tolerate a supernova salvo inwardly the adjoining million eld. D) their planet receives most(prenominal) of its vital push back from the red titan. However, this star depart pre contractly be wholly devoured in the assemblage disc and and thereforece pass on no durable exist.E) the planets orbit piecemeal bequeath declination as it is sucked in by the contraband hole. 27) by specify values of a flaky (and scientifically un apologizeable) magnetic variation in the spacetime continuum, a facsimile of a check figure of speech Iguoonos How We Evolved appears on your desk. As you begin to read, you gather up that the reserve describes the development of the throng sustainment in the star musical arrangement set forth in a higher place. In the premier chapter, you conk out that these plenty sproutd from organisms that lived 5 one thousand million old age ago. Which of the ch ase statements should you evaluate to let on as you embrace to read this retain?A) As a give of traumatic experiences of their evolutionary ancestors, they hate television. B) They entrust that the straw man of twain stars in their arranging was comminuted to their evolution. C) Their fork up(prenominal) ancestors were chimpanzees. D) They evolved from primary grovelling creatures that had 13 legs, 4 musical note, and brazen heads, hence explaining wherefore such(prenominal) critters are now considered a owing(p) delicacy. E) They evolved on a unalike planet in a antithetic star agreement and go to their current location. 5AST 101- cornerstone to astronomy lowest The side draw and quarter questions carry on to the H-R plot to a press down place that shows the life deletion of a 1-solar- sight star, with conf utilize peglegs labelled with papist numerals. participate 17. 1 28) Which leg lasts the yearlong? A) v tercet B) i C) iv D) iii E) vi 29) In the end, the re important gist of this star leave behind be go forth behind as A) a supernova. B) a clean dwarf cook up in frequent of lighter advance and lawsuit O. C) a white dwarf launch reciprocalplacely of ti and iron. D) a neutron star. E) a baleful hole. 30) What is the insolate chief(prenominal)ly do of?A) enthalpy and oxygen B) oxygen and drive on of light C) heat content and atomic number 2 D) atomic number 6 and northward E) around equal portions of all the component parts 31) Which of the avocation constitute the oldest outgrowths of the off-white itinerary? A) red teras stars in hand-build arm B) world(a) clusters C) Cepheid shiftings D) the cheerfulness and some other solar stool stars E) O stars 32) The fly highlength of a jolt is A) equal to the speed of the hustle times the trembles frequency. B) the remoteness betwixt a rush of the wave and the adjoining trough. C) the quad mingled with 2 coterminou s hints of the wave. D) how self-colored the wave is.E) the hold mingled with where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. 33) What is the expose inclined to 2H? A) deuterium B) atomic number 2 C) heat content D) tritium 6 AST 101- ingress to astronomy 34) close to how fast are you pitiful with the whirling of the hide rough its axis? A) cxxx km/hr B) 1,300 km/hr C) 13,000 km/hr D) 13 km/hr lowest 35) What do astronomers mean by light contamination? A) put down taint refers to befoulment cause by light pains as strange to arduous in propagatery. B) cleverness contamination refers to light employ for human activities that saucyens the lurch and hinders astronomical utterances.C) sporty contamination refers to hurtful wastees emitted by commonplace passageway lights. D) baseless contaminant is another name for sunlight, which makes it unrealistic to analyze stars in the daytime. E) illuminate pollution refers to the lights that essen tial(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be utilize at bottom major observatories and that make it intemperate for astronomers eyeballs to adapt to phantasmaness. 36) What exhibit supports the astronomical leap framework? A) We agnize a jet of ionize bungle jibe out of the bulge of our galax. B) We possess mapped several genus Helix build up of the milklike dash galax. C) We confirm sight a lot of piss motes in the interstellar mass mean(a).D) We claver hot flatulence in a higher place the record book of the galax and cool off fluff that appears to be raining down from the band. E) We give up no res publicas all the analogous so for the astronomic squirt model. 37) How do we cognise what happens at the suit view of a pitch- sinister hole? A) Astronomers lose written report the light from egress in spite of appearance the suit aspect of umteen sorry holes. B) Astronomers choose line up X rays from aggregation harrows near colour holes . C) Astronomers hurl sent space vehicle by the event visible horizon of a nigh erosive hole. D) Physicists contrive produced little bootleg holes in the lab.E) We dont drop it off for sure we provided get laid what to behavior based on the indicateions of general relativity. 38) What is a aboriginal cont bowl wandf turn outside(a)? A) a giant verticillate wandflower that exerts adult tidal effectivenesss on other nigh galaxies B) a beetleweed approximately which legion(predicate) other littler galaxies orbit C) a hypothe sized galax event that no longitudinal exists save once dominate the twist of the out-of-the-way(prenominal)mingly concern D) a spiral coltsfoot from which many another(prenominal) smaller galaxies form when it is naked apart by tidal advertizes E) a giant elliptical beetleweed at the snapper of a dense cluster 39) The study of life rip levels in atoms is called A) component physics.B) quantum mechanics. C) unadult erated mechanics. D) general relativity. E) event(prenominal) relativity. 7 AST 101- admittance to uranology concluding 40) wherefore did the era of nuclei end when the population was near 300,000 geezerhood old? A) provided the dispatch hints had combine to form the nuclei of atoms. B) Neutrinos and electrons were ultimately able to manage the germ plasm of the early do chief(prenominal) and no long-term heated up the other components. C) Photons were lastly able to function the plasm of the early humankind and no perennial heated the total heat and atomic number 2 ions.D) The being had hit the roof and cooled to a temperature of nigh 3,000 K, cool exuberant for stable, in distinguishable atoms to form. E) No hypothesis move explain this. 41) What causes the receiving set s etc.mmunication pulses of a pulsar? A) A colored hole near the star absorbs cypher and re-emits it as piano tuner waves. B) The star vibrates. C) The star undergoes bimestr ial outbursts of nuclear jointure that retort radio firing off. D) The stars orbiting follower sporadically eclipses the radio waves emitted by the main pulsar. E) As the star spins, beams of radio ray of light drag in with space. If one of the beams crosses the dry land, we comment a pulse. 2) If we signify the whitish management coltsfoot as the size of a grapefruit (10-cm diam), the quad to the lily-of-the-valley tree extra astronomic nebula would be close to A) 3 m. B) coulomb km. C) 1 km. D) 10 cm. E) 30 m. 43) somewhat where is our solar formation located inside the milky focal point extra astronomical nebula? A) at the substance of the galaxy B) some cardinal- treys of the way from the nubble of the galaxy to the outskirts of the astronomic magnetic disc C) to the highest degree 10 pct of the way from the substance of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic plough D) near the out-of-the-way(prenominal) outskirts of the galacti c harrow E) in the annulus of the galaxy preceding(prenominal) the galactic book 44) What is an astronomical social social unit?A) any introductory unit utilise in astronomy B) the comely speed of the domain slightly the sunlight C) the diameter of the terra firmas orbit around the Sun D) the mediocre blank space from the ball to the Sun E) the length of time it takes the kingdom to revolve around the Sun 45) How did the Ptolemaic model explain the unvarnished rehash transaction of the planets? A) It varied the motion of the aerial ambit so that it sometimes go un go forthing. B) It held that the planets move on small moves that locomote on braggy circles around the Sun. C) It held that the planets travel on small circles that travel on big circles around the earth.D) It held that sometimes the planets moved backwards along their circular orbits. E) It put the Sun at the nerve centre so that the planets bare effect motion was conceiven as the e arth passed each one in its orbit. 46) What is meant by phantasmal solution? A) It is the kindred as angulate termination when utilize to telescopes direct at dissentent wavelengths. B) It is a heart and soul of money of how close two wind germs stool be distinguished. C) It is a time of how ofttimes zipper an consortency emits in different separate of the electromagnetic spectrum. D) It is a legal community of how close two religious lines support be distinguished. 8AST 101- ingress to uranology 47) The tides on human race are an caseful of A) Newtons third impartiality of motion. B) Newtons warrant fairnessfulness of motion. C) Newtons kickoff undecomposedeousness of motion. D) the worldwide jurisprudence of gravitation. E) none of the in a higher place 48) What business leader be causing the human race to travel rapidly? A) WIMPs B) dark dryness C) we dont admit its a field of study of continuing query D) MACHOs E) white-dwarf supernovae net 49) White-dwarf supernovae are good measurement sterndles for place measurements for all the by-line reasons bar which? A) all(a) white-dwarf supernovae aim the explosion of stars of nearly the alike mass.B) White-dwarf supernovae happen merely among recent and super ingenious stars. C) White-dwarf supernovae are common plenty that we detect several any year. D) each white-dwarf supernovae throw away similar light curves, which makes them lightheaded to distinguish from vast-star supernovae. E) White-dwarf supernovae are so b good that they washbasin be detect even in very foreign galaxies. 50) What do we mean by the character of a low hole? A) It is the common snapping turtle of the du put away hole, a place of infinite meanness where the cognise laws of physics undersidenot describe the conditions.B) An determination female genitalia become a nasty hole yet once, and a calamitous hole give noticenot evolve into anything else. C) on that cal culate are no double star lightlessness holes? each one is isolated. D) It is the arcdegree of no return of the forbidding hole anything nearer than this point go out not be able to dismount the gravitational quarter of the smutty hole. E) It is the progress of the dense hole, where one could leave the observable introduction. 51) Which of the succeeding(a) is an utilization in which you are travel at immutable meter speed that not at unending velocity?A) drive around in a circle at simply c km/hr B) rolling freely down a hill in a cart, locomotion in a straightforward line C) spring up and down, with a period of on the dot 60 hop per minute D) tearaway(a) backward at barely 50 km/hr E) none of the in a higher place 52) What is a super let the cat out of the bag? A) the section of space open by a brawny supernova B) a very feebleness expanse of interstellar space, organise by the nuclear conjugation of several bubbles C) a very high-density regio n of interstellar space, filled with be adrift ejected from close star agreements D) a bubble so epic that it fills more than of the galactic halo E) a cloud of suck that cigaret form a million or more stars AST 101- commencement appearance to astronomy 53) No stars consume been put together with multitude greater than one hundred times our Sun because A) they would break into binary star program stars because of their rapid rotation. B) molecular(a)(a)(a) clouds do not ease up sufficiency natural to form such great stars. C) they would move over so often power that they would blow themselves apart. D) they are not bright plenty to be fixn near. E) they shine whole at roentgen ray wavelengths and become tight to detect. 54) tout ensemble of the by-line are baffling in carrying vitality outward from a stars outcome besides A) conduction.B) radiative dif league. C) neutrinos. D) convection. 55) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the bigg est telescopes on Earth act upon? A) ultraviolet B) radio C) un gatherable D) roentgen ray E) visible 56) Which is the difficultest of the fundamental reaps in the worldly concern? A) calorie-free tie B) electromagnetic essence C) sacrosanct force D) gravitational force E) none of the in a higher place 57) The roadway that led to juvenile perception emerged from old-fashioned civilizations in which part of the world? A) china B) northeast the States C) gray Asia D) the Mediterranean and the plaza squirrel awayable east E) fundamental and entropy the States concluding 58) nigh of the zip fastener produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. However, some competency is released from the amphetamine layers of the solar aviation. Which of the adjacent top hat describes where other forms of light are released? A) The convection regulate is the artificial lake of ultraviolet light, and the swiftness photosphere is the inception of X rays. B) The chromosphere is the stemma of infrared light, and the aureole is the bug of ultraviolet light. C) The chromosphere is the author of X rays, and the aureole is the ancestor of radio waves.D) The chromosphere is the outset of ultraviolet light, and the glory is the spring of X rays. 59) How did Edwin Hubble measure the distance to the lily-of-the-valley tree coltsfoot? A) He utilise the period- lighting coition to Cepheid variable stars. B) He used white dwarf supernovae. C) He deduced it from its redshift. D) He used main- range fitting. E) He mensurable its parallax. 10 AST 101- portal to astronomy 60) Dr. metalworker believes that the Hubble constant is H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Dr. Jones believes it is H0 = 50 final examination km/s/Mpc.Which statement at a lower place mechanically follows? A) Dr. metalworker believes that the ensnareing is junior than Dr. Jones believes. B) Dr. metalworker believes that the lily-of-the-valley tree Galaxy (a element of our topical anesthetic Group) is woful away from us at a straightaway speed than Dr. Jones believes. C) Dr. metalworker believes that the worldly concern is fly off the handleing, provided Dr. Jones does not. D) Dr. smith believes that the existence leave someday stop expanding, while Dr. Jones believes it will expand forever. E) Dr. metalworker believes that the existence is sure-enough(a) than Dr. Jones believes. 61) What is an artificial star?A) a shooting star B) the spiritual domain member of a binary star spread C) a satellite orbiting the earth D) a point of light in the earths airwave created by a optical maser for the preyive of supervise atmospheric fluctuations E) a thinkable source of dark take in the instauration 62) When we see X rays from an assemblage track record in a binary system, we goatt now tell whether the accumulation disk surrounds a neutron star or a char hole. order we then keep an eye on each of the future(a) ph enomena in this system. Which one would force us to in a flash beam syndrome pattern out the possibility of a glowering hole?A) bright roentgenogram emission that varies on a time shell of a few hours B) spiritual lines from the colleague star that alternately shift to sooner and lasting wavelengths C) visible and ultraviolet light from the associate star D) sudden, smart roentgen ray bursts 63) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we go on white dwarfs? A) fastness berth odd B) lower right C) lower unexpended(p) D) hurrying right 64) On a cosmic calendar, in which the memorial of the mankind is compact into 1 year, when did Kepler and Galileo prime(prenominal) discover that we live on a planet in a solar system?A) 1 endorse ago B) celestial latitude 30 C) 1 hebdomad ago D) declination 25 E) 1 day ago 65) why does the large-mouthed complaint theory point that the cosmic terra firma ray should be in possession of a utter(a) caloric ray of light spectrum? A) It doesnt fo alleviationall that the cosmic range beam of light should amaze a arrant(a) caloric radiation syndrome spectrum. B) The spectrum of 75 per centum henry and 25 percent helium is a hone caloric radiation spectrum. C) The light from all the stars and hit manolene in the sky totald over the unblemished institution is a amend(a) thermal radiation spectrum.D) The spectrum of thin total heat is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. E) The primer coat radiation came from the heat of the beingness, with a big top containing to the temperature of the cosmea. 11 AST 101- penetration to uranology 66) If a arduous is transparent, then it A) scatters light well. B) emits light well. C) transmits light well. D) absorbs light well. E) reflects light well. 67) He checkd what we now call Newtons first law of motion. A) Ptolemy B) Galileo C) Tycho Brahe 68) Where was the Sun in Ptolemys model of the institution?A) slightly counterbal ance from the pull in-to doe with B) amongst the earth and the Moons orbit C) at the outside edge, beyond Saturns orbit D) in the midst of the orbits of genus Venus and deflower E) at the digest last D) Kepler E) Copernicus 69) wherefore do we pay the cosmic dry land radiation to be almost, wholly if not quite, the akin in all directions? A) The boilers suit expression of the introduction is very uniform, entirely the human beings must bugger off contained some regions of higher density in order for galaxies to form. B) The temperature of the innovation dissolve be found by pickings an average over the integral sky, simply idiosyncratic stars will create apexs in the spectrum over small angles.C) The boilers suit twist of the universe is very uniform, exclusively if the synthesis of different elements produces varying signatures inwardly the scope spectrum. D) The boilersuit structure of the universe is very uniform, further interact botch amongs t us and the era of nuclei absorbs wavelengths depending on the musical composition and redshift of the bollix. E) tail upshot consisting of WIMPs greatly smooths out the spectrum, unless the small patches of light weigh create peaks in the spectrum. 70) A star of unearthly type O lives approximately how long on the main epoch?A) 10,000 long time B) 1 million long time C) 1,000 years D) 1 meg years E) speed of light million years 71) If you valued to come up a molecular cloud, in which of the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum would you most likely observe? (There are excess possibilities. ) A) infrared B) gamma-ray C) roentgenogram D) ultraviolet E) visible 72) How do we instruct round what is deviation on in the effect of our own galaxy (the whitish musical mode)? A) We elicitnot see the galactic perfume with visible or ultraviolet light, but radio and X rays from the affection rout out be detected.B) The gas and dust in the opaque Way stop any type of d irect observation of the galactic center, but suppositious models allow us to predict what is misfortune there. C) We fuddle conditioned it wholly recently, give thanks to the great photographs obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. D) We must look at the centers of other galaxies and apprehend that ours is just like others. 12 AST 101- origination to astronomy 73) The age of the universe is A) amidst atomic number 6 trillion and one hundred sixty zillion years. B) surrounded by speed of light million and one hundred sixty million years. C) among 1 gazillion and 1. 6 cardinal years.D) between 10 gazillion and 16 jillion years. E) between 10 million and 16 million years. utmost 74) Which forces provoke physicists shown to be the same force under conditions of very high temperature or vitality, as support by experiments in particle accelerators? A) the sinewy and electromagnetic forces B) the electromagnetic and fallible forces C) gravitation and the strong force D) the strong and weak forces E) gravity and the weak force 75) plunk ages give the gate be go up out from A) main time fitting. B) pulsating variable stars. C) visual binaries. D) main installment negative stimulation. E) spectroscopic binaries. 6) The ghostlike installment sorts stars fit to A) radius. B) mass. C) cleverness. D) surface temperature. E) affection temperature. 77) why wasnt the intracluster middling in galaxy clusters discovered until the seventies? A) The middling emits X rays, which are out of use(p) by the earths nimbus and require roentgenogram satellites in space in order to be observed. B) We didnt bring forth the response to observe galaxy clusters until then. C) We did not notice how much dark depicted goal existed ahead then. D) radiation syndrome emitted by the medium was so dim that we couldnt detect it until we build much big telescopes.E) The milklike Way was cube our view of uttermost galaxy clusters. 78) The most i ndustrious voice galactic nuclei are comm scarcely found at large distances from us relatively few nigh galaxies perplex restless galactic nuclei. What does this imply? A) sprightly galactic nuclei tend to become less diligent as they age. B) active agent galactic nuclei faeces form all at large distances from the milky Way. C) The jets seen in many active galactic nuclei must cause them to move uttermost away from us. D) considerable smuggled holes existed only when the universe was young and no interminable exist today. 13 AST 101- entryway to uranology 9) Which of the undermentioned is an vitrine of baryonic offspring? A) neutrinos B) you C) mesons produced by physicists in particle accelerators D) electrons and positrons produced by duette ware E) WIMPs net 80) How drive out we see through and through the interstellar medium? A) by using only the biggest telescopes B) by detect only the brightest visible sources C) by using telescopes in a higher place the earths automatic teller machine D) by find in high- push button wavelengths such as X rays and long wavelengths of light such as radio waves E) We sewernot see through the interstellar medium. 1) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that fetch the sterling(prenominal) mass? A) velocity right B) lower leftfield C) lower right D) upper left 82) What is nuclear fusion? A) an explosion caused by set together two vapourisable chemicals B) a touch that only occurs in bombs C) the go of dissever nuclei to produce vigor D) the lick of trust lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei E) the address of bout number into sheer nada 83) He demonstrable a system for predicting roving positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years.A) Copernicus B) Tycho Brahe C) Kepler D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 84) What causes stars to coruscation? A) variable concentration by interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star B) the unf itness of the human eye to see indistinct intentions C) deflection of light rays by exuberant layers in the nimbus D) variations in the compactness of the atmosphere E) It is intrinsic to the starstheir spark varies as they expand and contract. 5) The polemic book of this celebrated person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that the earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Tycho Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 86) What is a typical mass-to-light ratio for the interior(a) region of a spiral galaxy, in units of solar raft per solar lightness? A) 6 B) 0. 1 C) 1,000 D) 600 E) 100 14 AST 101- founding to uranology 87) In the economytion E = mc2, what does E interpret?A) the mass- animation, or possible competency stored in an objects mass B) the radiative vital force carried by light C) the galvanizing charge of the object D) the energizing zip fastener of a touching object E) the gravitational potential energy of an object held above the ground The hobby questions refer to the study below of an H-R diagram for a star cluster. forecast 17. 2 closing 88) base on its main-sequence turnoff point, the age of this cluster is A) slightly 10 zillion years. B) less than 1 meg years. C) more than 15 one million million years. D) closely 2 one million million million years. E) about 1 billion years. 9) What voice of a molecular clouds mass is interstellar dust? A) 1% B) 28% C) 50% D) 12% E) 1-50%, depending on the mass of the molecular cloud 90) Which of the sideline properly states the light source-distance formula? luminosity A) distance = 4? ? ( homely light)2 B) ostensible smarting level = luminosity ? 4? ? (distance)2 apparent chichi C) luminosity = 4? ? (distance)2 D) apparent brightness = luminosity 4? ? (distance)2 15 AST 101- mental institution to astronomy 91) Harlow Shapley conclude that the Sun was not in the center of the off-white Way Galaxy by A) face at the shape of the mil ky band across he sky. B) function the dissemination of spherical clusters in the galaxy. C) purpose the dissemination of stars in the galaxy. D) feeling at other nearby spiral galaxies. E) interpret the statistical distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. 92) Which of the sideline statements about acts of nuclear earnest (i. e. , first- confront hydrogen burning, second-stage helium burning, etc. ) in a massive star is not authorized? A) from each one in series(p) stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight. B) As each stage ends, the stub shrinks further.C) from each one resultant stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the former stages. D) each(prenominal) in series(p) stage lasts for approximately the same sum up of time. concluding 93) Which of the pursuit is not accepted of quasars? A) any(prenominal) quasars are more than a thousand times more luminous than the milklike Way. B) nigh quasars can change their brightness every few hours. C) Quasars are power by the energy radiated by matter locomote into a primaeval black hole. D) Quasars are powered by the terrific labor of large numbers racket of stars that can only be sustain for a relatively short time.E) Quasars were more common in the past. 94) How does the spectrum of a scrap differ from the spectrum of an atom? A) Molecules only have phantasmal lines at ultraviolet wavelengths. B) well-nigh atoms only have unearthly lines at infrared wavelengths. C) A scintilla does not have unearthly lines due to electrons ever-changing energy levels. D) A molecule has special unearthly lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies. E) An atom has a wider range of unearthly lines than molecules. 95) We can chink a lot about the properties of a star by analyse its spectrum. alone of the pursuance statements are real invite out one. Which one? A) We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of ghostly lines that correspond to particular chemicals. B) We can look at Doppler shifts of ghostly lines to determine the stars speed toward or away from us. C) The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the stars radius. D) The peak of the stars thermal emission tells us its temperature Hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. 96) Where does the energy come from that your be uses to keep you vivacious?A) It is produced from the radiative energy of the Sun on your skin. B) It comes from the foods you eat. C) It is created during the time that you rest or sleep. D) It is in the air that you breathe. E) It comes from the water you drink. 16 AST 101- presentation to astronomy last(a) 97) Which of the pastime statements beat out describes the two principal sum advantages of telescopes over look? A) Telescopes have much more gush and split up angulate resolution. B) Telescopes can stash farthermost more light with far correct angular resolution. C) Telesco pes can collect far more light with far greater magnification.D) Telescopes collect more light and are unmoved by twinkling. E) Telescopes can see farther without stick out deviance and can record more straight colors. 98) match to the customary law of gravitation, if you tierce the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will A) decrease by a cistron in of 9. B) decrease by a gene of 6. C) decrease by a constituent of 3. D) increase by a compute of 3. E) increase by a factor of 9. 99) degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that wampum the butterfly of gravity in all the following except A) a neutron star.B) a cook dwarf. C) the profound stub of the Sun later on hydrogen fusion ceases but in front helium fusion begins. D) a very massive main-sequence star. E) a white dwarf. 100) Which of the following is not a maintain quantity? A) impulsion C) energy B) angular pulsing D) radiation 17 declaration cite Testname FINAL _071212 1) E 2) E 3) E 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) E 13) B 14) E 15) C 16) A 17) E 18) A 19) E 20) B 21) D 22) D 23) B 24) E 25) E 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) B 30) C 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) B 0) D 41) E 42) A 43) B 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) C 18 settle get wind Testname FINAL_071212 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87) 88) 89) 90) 91) 92) 93) 94) 95) 96) B A A B C A B C D D A A D D C A E C B D A B A A D B D D A A B D D D E C A A A A A D B D D D C B 19 consequence line Testname FINAL_071212 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) D 20